MADRE.
Health Hum Rights. 2011 Jul 14;13(1):E50-61.
Only in recent years has violence against women begun to receive international attention as both a public health and human rights concern. This article argues that the right to be free from sexual violence is a fundamental component of the right to health, and the need is particularly acute in post-disaster contexts. This article uses post-earthquake Haiti as a case study to illustrate conditions for women and girls who suffer daily threats of physical, emotional, economic, and social harm in ways that have no direct parallels for their male counterparts. In addition, this article discusses the reasons that the humanitarian response in Haiti has not effectively protected women and girls and has instead exacerbated structural inequalities, making women, girls, and their families even more vulnerable to human rights violations including interference in their right to health. The article argues that the failure to guarantee the right of women to be free from sexual violence - an essential component of the right to health - is due in large part to the exclusion of displaced women from meaningful participation in formal humanitarian interventions.
直到近些年，针对妇女的暴力行为才开始作为公共卫生和人权问题受到国际关注。本文认为，免受性暴力的权利是健康权的基本组成部分，而在后灾难环境中，这种需求尤为迫切。本文以海地地震后为例，说明了妇女和女孩的状况，她们每天都面临着身体、情感、经济和社会伤害的威胁，而男性则没有与之直接对应的情况。此外，本文还讨论了海地人道主义应对措施未能有效保护妇女和女孩，反而加剧了结构性不平等，使妇女、女孩及其家庭更容易遭受侵犯人权行为，包括侵犯其健康权的行为的原因。本文认为，未能保障妇女免受性暴力侵害的权利——健康权的一个基本组成部分——在很大程度上是由于将流离失所妇女排除在正式人道主义干预之外，使她们无法进行有意义的参与。
