Hertzberg B S, Burger P C, Bowie J D, Carson S C, Feinstein K A, Boyko O B
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
J Ultrasound Med. 1990 Dec;9(12):697-703. doi: 10.7863/jum.1990.9.12.697.
The ultrasound appearance of small cerebral blood vessels was investigated with in vivo and postmortem sonography. Linear echoes corresponding in distribution to small branches of major cerebral blood vessels, particularly deep medullary veins, were seen during cranial sonography of living neonates, neonatal postmortem brains, and adult postmortem brains following intravascular injection of a barium sulfate-gelatin suspension. Ease of visualization of the echoes was angle dependent, a phenomenon termed anisotropy. When imaged in cross-section, these reflectors appeared as tiny, closely spaced dots, demonstrating their tubular nature. Additionally, the barium-injected adult postmortem specimens were studied by computed tomography and plain-film radiography, enabling correlation between radiography and sonography. This study demonstrates that small branches of the major intracranial blood vessels can be imaged as linear echoes and closely spaced dots by high-resolution sonography. It is important to recognize the vascular origin of these echoes to avoid the pitfall of misinterpreting them as originating from pathologic processes such as periventricular leukomalacia.
采用活体及尸检超声检查法对脑内小血管的超声表现进行了研究。在对存活新生儿、新生儿尸检脑以及血管内注射硫酸钡 - 明胶混悬液后的成人尸检脑进行颅脑超声检查时，可见到分布与大脑主要血管小分支（尤其是深部髓质静脉）相对应的线性回声。回声的可视性程度取决于角度，这种现象称为各向异性。当在横截面成像时，这些反射体表现为微小且紧密排列的小点，显示出它们的管状性质。此外，对注射了钡剂的成人尸检标本进行了计算机断层扫描和普通X线摄影，从而实现了放射学与超声检查之间的相关性研究。本研究表明，通过高分辨率超声检查，颅内主要血管的小分支可成像为线性回声和紧密排列的小点。认识到这些回声的血管起源很重要，以避免将它们误判为源于诸如脑室周围白质软化等病理过程的陷阱。
