Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2012 Jul 9;7:27. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-7-27.
Among military personnel alcohol consumption and binge-drinking have increased but cigarette smoking has declined in the recent past. Although there is a strong association between smoking and PTSD the association between combat exposure and smoking is not clear.
This cross sectional study was carried out among representative samples of SLN Special Forces and regular forces deployed in combat areas. Both Special Forces and regular forces were selected using simple random sampling. Only personnel who had served continuously in combat areas during the one year period prior to end of combat operations were included in the study. Females were not included in the sample. The study assessed several mental health outcomes as well as alcohol use, smoking and cannabis use. Sample was classified according to smoking habits as never smokers, past smokers (those who had smoked in the past but not within the past year) and current smokers (those smoking at least one cigarette within the past 12 months).
Sample consisted of 259 Special Forces and 412 regular navy personnel. Prevalence of current smoking was 17.9% (95% CI 14.9-20.8). Of the sample 58.4% had never smoked and 23.7% were past smokers. Prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among Special Forces personnel compared to regular forces. (OR 1.90 (95% CI 1.20-3.02). Personnel aged ≥ 35 years had the lowest prevalence of smoking (14.0%). Commissioned officers had a lower prevalence (12.1%) than non commissioned officers or other ranks. After adjustment for demographic variables and service type there was significant association between smoking and combat experiences of seeing dead or wounded [OR 1.79 (95%CI 1.08-2.9)], handling dead bodies [OR 2.47(95%CI 1.6-3.81)], coming under small arms fire [OR 2.01(95%CI 1.28-3.15)] and coming under mortar, missile and artillery fire [OR 2.02(95%CI 1.29-3.17)]. There was significant association between the number of risk events and current smoking [OR 1.22 (95%CI1.11-1.35)].
There was significant association between current smoking and combat experiences. Current smoking was strongly associated with current alcohol use. Prevalence of current smoking was less among military personnel than in the general population. Prevalence of smoking was significantly higher among Special Forces personnel.
在军人中，饮酒和狂饮的现象有所增加，但吸烟的现象有所减少。尽管吸烟与 PTSD 有很强的关联，但战斗暴露与吸烟之间的关联尚不清楚。
本横断面研究在 SLN 特种部队和部署在战斗区域的正规部队的代表性样本中进行。特种部队和正规部队均采用简单随机抽样选择。只有在战斗行动结束前的一年内连续在战斗地区服役的人员才被纳入研究。女性不包括在样本中。该研究评估了几种心理健康结果以及酒精使用、吸烟和大麻使用情况。根据吸烟习惯将样本分类为从不吸烟者、过去吸烟者（过去吸烟但不在过去 1 年内）和当前吸烟者（过去 12 个月内至少吸过一支烟）。
样本包括 259 名特种部队人员和 412 名海军正规人员。当前吸烟率为 17.9%（95%CI 14.9-20.8）。在样本中，58.4%从未吸烟，23.7%为过去吸烟者。与正规部队相比，特种部队人员的当前吸烟率明显更高。（OR 1.90（95%CI 1.20-3.02））。年龄≥35 岁的人员吸烟率最低（14.0%）。军官的吸烟率（12.1%）低于士官或其他军衔。在调整人口统计学变量和服务类型后，吸烟与看到伤亡人员[OR 1.79（95%CI 1.08-2.9）]、处理尸体[OR 2.47（95%CI 1.6-3.81）]、遭受小武器火力袭击[OR 2.01（95%CI 1.28-3.15）]和遭受迫击炮、导弹和炮火袭击[OR 2.02（95%CI 1.29-3.17）]之间存在显著关联。与风险事件数量之间存在显著关联与当前吸烟[OR 1.22（95%CI1.11-1.35）]。
当前吸烟与战斗经历之间存在显著关联。当前吸烟与当前饮酒有很强的关联。现役军人的当前吸烟率低于一般人群。特种部队人员的吸烟率明显更高。
