Saltykov A B, Toloknov A V, Khitrov N K
Moscow Medical Institute.
Neurosci Behav Physiol. 1990 Jul-Aug;20(4):298-303. doi: 10.1007/BF01236322.
An instrumental defense reflex of pedal pressing during the action of a conditional signal (light) was developed in rats. The process of learning given a varying probability of the random performance of the instrumental reaction, p(a), which depends in particular on the duration of the intervals between the action of the conditional stimulus, was studied. It was shown that the rate of formation of a conditioned reflex is higher for p(a) = 0.25 than for p(a) = 0.05. The rate of formation of the conditioned reflex also depends on the frequency of the positive reinforcement of the correct reactions (from 50 to 100%). With a high p(a), the rate of formation of the reflex in question does not depend on the frequency of reinforcement of the positive responses; a feedback relationship is observed in the case of a low p(a). The hypothesis is advanced that not only does the behavior itself change the probability of contact with the external object but the original (a priori) probability substantially influences the formation of the behavior as well.
在大鼠中建立了条件信号（光）作用期间踏板按压的工具性防御反射。研究了在工具性反应随机表现概率p(a)变化的情况下的学习过程，该概率尤其取决于条件刺激作用之间的间隔持续时间。结果表明，p(a)=0.25时条件反射的形成速率高于p(a)=0.05时。条件反射的形成速率还取决于正确反应的正强化频率（从50%到100%）。当p(a)较高时，所讨论的反射形成速率不取决于正反应的强化频率；在p(a)较低的情况下观察到反馈关系。提出的假设是，不仅行为本身会改变与外部物体接触的概率，而且原始（先验）概率也会对行为的形成产生实质性影响。
