Preobrazhenskaya L A
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow.
Neurosci Behav Physiol. 1991 Jul-Aug;21(4):296-302. doi: 10.1007/BF01191568.
The dynamics of the changes in the number of instrumental motor reactions and in the frequency of cardiac contractions and of the theta rhythm of the hippocampus during the replacement of constant reinforcement by various schedules of probabilistic reinforcement of an alimentary conditional stimulus were investigated in three dogs. At the 70 and 50% level of reinforcement, the instrumental reflex appeared in response to all of the presentations of the signal stimulus. The greatest decrease in the number of respondent reactions was observed at 5% probability. The pulse rate both in the intersignal period and during the receipt of an empty feeder depended on the probability of reinforcement employed and on the individual characteristics of the animals. The frequency of the theta rhythm in all of the dogs was highest at the 30% level; the lowest values were observed at the 5% level of reinforcement. The data obtained again attest to the complex genesis of emotional excitation, the magnitude of which depends both on the informational (indeterminacy) and on the motivational (the significance of the reinforcement) factors.
在三只狗身上研究了用各种概率性强化程序替代食物条件刺激的持续强化时，工具性运动反应数量、心脏收缩频率以及海马体θ节律的变化动态。在70%和50%的强化水平下，对信号刺激的所有呈现都会出现工具性反射。在5%的概率下观察到应答反应数量的最大减少。信号间期和空食槽接收期间的脉搏率取决于所采用的强化概率和动物的个体特征。所有狗的θ节律频率在30%的水平时最高；在5%的强化水平时观察到最低值。所获得的数据再次证明了情绪兴奋的复杂成因，其程度既取决于信息性（不确定性）因素，也取决于动机性（强化的重要性）因素。
