[Medicine, mathematics and statistics. Practical aspects].

To identify the statistical methods more frequently used in the medical literature, we reviewed 4,218 papers equivalent to 26 years/periodical. 26% of the papers did not have any statistical method. In the remaining 74% only descriptive (24.5%) or inferential (75.5%) methods were used. Overall there were 3,882 inferential test done. Based on a probability analysis we propose a framework to rationalize the teaching of statistics to improve the decision making process in medicine.