Nishi M, Miyake H, Ito Y, Kagiichi S, Kimura M, Suzuki A, Takaoka A, Tago N, Nagase K
Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical College, Hokkaido, Japan.
Asia Pac J Public Health. 1990;4(2-3):128-31. doi: 10.1177/101053959000400309.
The coverage rates of six vaccines (BCG, polio, DPT, measles, mumps and varicella) and the prevalence of these diseases in Japan were investigated. It was found that 82.2% of children had been inoculated with BCG before their first birthday, and 85.4% were given two doses of polio vaccine before their second birthday. The high acceptance rates of these vaccines seem to be attributable to mass inoculations at health centers. On the other hand, the median age when the first dose of DPT vaccine was given was as late as 22 months. Mass administration of this vaccine during infancy should be performed since about one-quarter of the patients with diphtheria, pertussis or tetanus were less than one year old. The cumulative percentage for measles inoculation failed to reach 60% by the second birthday. Considering that the incidence of measles has not yet been satisfactory lowered and that infants under 23 months of age account for about one-half of this incidence, more children less than 18 months old should be immunized. The ineffective rate of varicella vaccine was found to be 18.2%, although reestimation of its effectiveness may be necessary.
对日本六种疫苗（卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗、麻疹疫苗、腮腺炎疫苗和水痘疫苗）的接种率以及这些疾病的流行情况进行了调查。结果发现，82.2%的儿童在一岁前接种了卡介苗，85.4%的儿童在两岁前接种了两剂脊髓灰质炎疫苗。这些疫苗的高接种率似乎归因于在保健中心进行的大规模接种。另一方面，首次接种百白破疫苗的中位年龄晚至22个月。由于约四分之一的白喉、百日咳或破伤风患者年龄小于一岁，因此应在婴儿期进行该疫苗的大规模接种。到两岁时，麻疹疫苗接种的累积百分比未能达到60%。鉴于麻疹发病率尚未令人满意地降低，且23个月以下婴儿约占该发病率的一半，应让更多18个月以下的儿童接种疫苗。水痘疫苗的无效率为18.2%，不过可能有必要重新评估其有效性。
