Center for Suicide Prevention, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2013 Mar;35(1):49-56. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fds054. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
There have been no longitudinal studies in Japan examining national-level data for suicide risk by marital and employment status. We examined the age-adjusted relative suicide risk (RR) by marital and employment status from national data acquired for all suicides in Japan occurring in the past 25 years.
All deaths identified as suicides according to ICD-9 and ICD-10 were extracted from vital statistics data of Japan for the years 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Population statistics for Japanese residents aged ≥15 years were obtained from the census.
Suicide rates for almost all categories analyzed decreased in both genders between 1985 and 1990 and increased between 1995 and 2000, especially among men. Unemployed and divorced men had a consistently higher RR in each year analyzed. Unemployed and divorced women had a higher risk than those in other categories, especially in 2000 and 2005. In women, particularly in 1980, 1985 and 1990, those who were unemployed and never married had a similar RR to those who were unemployed and divorced.
Unemployed and divorced people were at a high risk of suicide over the past 25 years, particularly in 2000 and 2005. Our findings suggest that the effects of divorce and unemployment on suicide risk are synergistic.
日本尚无研究婚姻和就业状况与自杀风险之间关系的纵向研究。我们根据日本过去 25 年所有自杀事件的全国性数据，研究了婚姻和就业状况与年龄调整后相对自杀风险（RR）的关系。
根据 ICD-9 和 ICD-10，从日本人口统计数据中提取了所有被确认为自杀的死亡病例，这些数据来自于 1980 年、1985 年、1990 年、1995 年、2000 年和 2005 年。从普查中获得了日本≥15 岁居民的人口统计数据。
在男性和女性中，几乎所有分析类别中的自杀率在 1985 年至 1990 年间均有所下降，而在 1995 年至 2000 年间则有所上升。失业和离婚男性在每年的分析中均具有较高的 RR。失业和离婚女性比其他类别具有更高的风险，尤其是在 2000 年和 2005 年。在女性中，特别是在 1980 年、1985 年和 1990 年，失业且未婚的女性与失业且离婚的女性具有相似的 RR。
在过去的 25 年中，失业和离婚人群的自杀风险一直很高，尤其是在 2000 年和 2005 年。我们的研究结果表明，离婚和失业对自杀风险的影响具有协同作用。
