Magowska Anita
Department of History of Medical Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Congress-Didactic Center, ul. Przybyszewskiego 37A, Poznan 60-356, Poland.
J Hist Med Allied Sci. 2014 Apr;69(2):185-220. doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrs042. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
This article focuses on the unique and hitherto unknown history of disabled ex-servicemen and civilians in interwar Poland. In 1914, thousands of Poles were conscripted into the Austrian, Prussian, and Russian armies and forced to fight against each other. When the war ended and Poland regained independence after more than one hundred years of partition, the fledgling government was unable to provide support for the more than three hundred thousand disabled war victims, not to mention the many civilians left injured or orphaned by the war. The vast majority of these victims were ex-servicemen of foreign armies, and were deprived of any war compensation. Neither the Polish government nor the impoverished society could meet the disabled ex-servicemen's medical and material needs; therefore, these men had to take responsibility for themselves and started cooperatives and war-invalids-owned enterprises. A social collaboration between Poland and America, rare in Europe at that time, was initiated by the Polish community in the United States to help blind ex-servicemen in Poland.
本文聚焦于两次世界大战之间波兰残疾退役军人及平民独特且迄今未知的历史。1914年，数千名波兰人被征召进入奥地利、普鲁士和俄罗斯军队，被迫相互作战。战争结束后，经过一百多年的瓜分，波兰重新获得独立，羽翼未丰的政府无法为三十多万残疾战争受害者提供支持，更不用说许多因战争受伤或成为孤儿的平民了。这些受害者绝大多数是外国军队的退役军人，被剥夺了任何战争补偿。波兰政府和贫困的社会都无法满足残疾退役军人的医疗和物质需求；因此，这些人不得不自己承担责任，创办合作社和伤残军人所有的企业。当时在美国的波兰侨民发起了波兰与美国之间的社会合作，这在当时的欧洲很少见，旨在帮助波兰的盲人退役军人。
