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转化/溶解分析及形态分析

Transformation/dissolution examination of antimony and antimony compounds with speciation of the transformation/dissolution solutions.

机构信息

Mine Closure and Ecosystem Risk Management Program, Mining and Mineral Sciences Laboratories, CANMET, Natural Resources Canada, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G1, Canada.

出版信息

Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2013 Jan;9(1):98-113. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1339. Epub 2012 Oct 17.

Abstract

Speciation is held to be a key factor in controlling the ecotoxicity of metals in solution. Using the United Nations transformation/dissolution protocol (T/DP) for metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds, we have examined the transformation/dissolution (T/D) characteristics in terms of the concentrations of total dissolved Sb at pH 6 and 8.5 in 1, 10, and 100 mg/L loadings over 7 d as well as the concentrations of Sb(III) and Sb(V) at the 1 mg/L loadings over 28 d, of sodium hexahydroxoantimonate (NaSb(OH)(6)), antimony metal (Sb), antimony trioxide (Sb(2) O(3)), antimony sulfide (Sb(2) S(3)), sodium antimonate (NaSbO(3)), antimony tris(ethylene glycolate) (Sb(2) (C(2) H(4) O(2) )(3)), antimony trichloride (SbCl(3)), antimony triacetate (Sb(CH(3) COO)(3)), and antimony pentoxide (Sb(2) O(5) ). We also measured the concentrations of the dissolved Sb(III) and Sb(V) species at the 1 mg/L loadings. Because of complexing, the trivalent organic Sb compounds exhibited little or no oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V). However, oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V) was evident for the trivalent inorganic Sb compounds. Conversely, with pentavalent Sb compounds, there was no reduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III). Based on the percentage of Sb in the compound dissolved or metal reacted at 28 d and 1 mg/L loadings, the solubility rankings at pH 6 are NaSb(OH)(6)  > Sb(CH(3) COO)(3)  > Sb metal > Sb(2) (C(2) H(4) O(2))(3)  > Sb(2) S(3)  > Sb(2) O(3)  > NaSbO(3)  ≈ SbCl(3)  > Sb(2) O(5). For pH 8.5 the order is NaSb(OH)(6)  > Sb(CH(3) COO)(3)  > Sb metal > Sb(2) (C(2) H(4) O(2) )(3)  > SbCl(3)  > Sb(2) O(3)  > Sb(2) S(3)  > NaSbO(3)  > Sb(2) O(5) . We provide worked examples of how the T/D data have been used to derive hazard classification proposals for Sb metal and these selected compounds for submission to the European Chemicals Agency under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of CHemicals (REACH) legislation.

摘要

物种形成被认为是控制金属在溶液中生态毒性的关键因素。我们采用联合国金属转化/消解协议(T/DP)和难溶性金属化合物,考察了在 7 天内 1、10 和 100mg/L 负荷、pH 值为 6 和 8.5 条件下总溶解 Sb 的转化/消解(T/D)特征,以及在 1mg/L 负荷、28 天条件下 Sb(III)和 Sb(V)的浓度。测试物包括五价锑的化合物:五羟基合锑酸钠(NaSb(OH)(6))、锑金属(Sb)、三氧化二锑(Sb(2) O(3))、硫化锑(Sb(2) S(3))、锑酸钠(NaSbO(3))、三(乙二胺)合锑(Sb(2) (C(2) H(4) O(2) )(3))、三氯化锑(SbCl(3))、三乙酸锑(Sb(CH(3) COO)(3))、五氧化二锑(Sb(2) O(5));以及三价锑的有机化合物:三(2-乙氧基)乙二胺合锑(Sb(2) (C(2) H(4) O(2) )(3))、三氯乙烷合锑(SbCl(3))、三乙酸锑(Sb(CH(3) COO)(3))。我们还测量了在 1mg/L 负荷下溶解 Sb(III)和 Sb(V)的浓度。由于配位作用,三价有机 Sb 化合物中 Sb(III)几乎没有被氧化成 Sb(V)。但是,三价无机 Sb 化合物的 Sb(III)被明显氧化成 Sb(V)。相反,在五价 Sb 化合物中,Sb(V)没有被还原成 Sb(III)。基于 28 天和 1mg/L 负荷下化合物溶解或金属反应的 Sb 百分比,pH 值为 6 时的溶解度顺序为:五羟基合锑酸钠(NaSb(OH)(6))>三乙酸锑(Sb(CH(3) COO)(3))>锑金属(Sb)>三(乙二胺)合锑(Sb(2) (C(2) H(4) O(2) )(3))>硫化锑(Sb(2) S(3))>三氧化二锑(Sb(2) O(3))>锑酸钠(NaSbO(3))≈三氯化锑(SbCl(3))>五氧化二锑(Sb(2) O(5))。pH 值为 8.5 时的顺序为:五羟基合锑酸钠(NaSb(OH)(6))>三乙酸锑(Sb(CH(3) COO)(3))>锑金属(Sb)>三(乙二胺)合锑(Sb(2) (C(2) H(4) O(2) )(3))>三氯化锑(SbCl(3))>三氧化二锑(Sb(2) O(3))>硫化锑(Sb(2) S(3))>锑酸钠(NaSbO(3))>五氧化二锑(Sb(2) O(5))。我们提供了一些实例,说明如何使用 T/D 数据来推导 Sb 金属及其选定化合物的危害分类建议,以便根据《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》(REACH)向欧洲化学品管理局提交提案。

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