Unité de surveillance et d'épidémiologie nutritionnelle (USEN), Département maladies chroniques et traumatismes, Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France.
J Hypertens. 2012 Oct;30(10):1920-7. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328356c59f.
Dietary recommendations to reduce blood pressure (BP) have been widely disseminated. We investigated associations between dietary intake and BP in a national sample of adults living in France.
The survey included 1968 18-74-year-old participants in the French Nutrition and Health Survey (Etude Nationale Nutrition Santé), a cross-sectional national multistage sampling study. Dietary intake and SBP and DBP were assessed using three 24-h recalls and three measurements, respectively. Mean dietary intake was compared across BP categories: previously diagnosed hypertensive and among undiagnosed optimal (SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg), intermediate and high (SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg) BP participants. After exclusion of previously diagnosed hypertensive participants, linear regressions were also carried out between dietary intake and SBP and DBP.
Eating habits of previously diagnosed hypertensive participants were not different from those of undiagnosed high BP participants, except higher milk consumption (P = 0.03) and lower seafood and alcohol intake (P < 0.03 and P = 0.002, respectively) in previously diagnosed hypertensive. After exclusion of them, dairy products (milk especially), fruit and vegetables, fiber and whole-grain food consumption were inversely and linearly associated with SBP (P < 0.04), whereas alcohol intake was positively associated with SBP (P < 10) and DBP (P = 0.005). Modification effect of sex was observed for saturated fatty acids intake (positive association with DPB in women) and calcium (negative association with SBP in men).
Adherence to nutritional recommendations still needs to be improved in hypertensive adults even if they are aware of their condition. In the rest of the population, proper habits regarding milk, fruit and vegetables, fiber and alcohol should decrease the risk of hypertension onset.
降低血压（BP）的饮食建议已广泛传播。我们调查了法国成年人全国样本中饮食摄入与 BP 之间的关联。
该调查包括法国营养与健康调查（Etude Nationale Nutrition Santé）中的 1968 名 18-74 岁参与者，这是一项全国多阶段抽样研究的横断面研究。分别使用三份 24 小时回顾和三份测量来评估饮食摄入和 SBP 和 DBP。根据以前诊断的高血压和未诊断的最佳血压（SBP<120mmHg 和 DBP<80mmHg）、中间和高（SBP≥140mmHg 和/或 DBP≥90mmHg）BP 参与者，比较了平均饮食摄入量在 BP 类别之间的差异。在排除了以前诊断的高血压参与者后，还进行了线性回归，以评估饮食摄入与 SBP 和 DBP 之间的关系。
与未诊断的高血压参与者相比，以前诊断的高血压参与者的饮食习惯没有差异，除了更高的牛奶摄入量（P=0.03）和更低的海鲜和酒精摄入量（P<0.03 和 P=0.002，分别）在以前诊断的高血压中。排除他们后，乳制品（尤其是牛奶）、水果和蔬菜、纤维和全谷物食品的摄入量与 SBP 呈负相关和线性相关（P<0.04），而酒精摄入量与 SBP（P<0.04）和 DBP（P=0.005）呈正相关。观察到饱和脂肪酸摄入量（与女性 DPB 呈正相关）和钙（与男性 SBP 呈负相关）的性别修饰效应。
即使高血压成年人已经意识到自己的病情，他们仍然需要改善对营养建议的依从性。在其余人群中，适当的牛奶、水果和蔬菜、纤维和酒精习惯应降低高血压发病的风险。
