Postgraduate Programme of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Water Sci Technol. 2012;66(5):1029-35. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.264.
In this work the analysis of elements concentration in groundwater was performed using the synchrotron radiation total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (SR-TXRF) technique. A set of nine tube-wells with serious risk of contamination was chosen to monitor the mean concentration of elements in groundwater from the North Serra Geral aquifer in Santa Helena, Brazil, during 1 year. Element concentrations were determined applying a SR-TXRF methodology. The accuracy of SR-TXRF technique was validated by analysis of a certified reference material. As the groundwater composition in the North Serra Geral aquifer showed heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of eight major elements, a hierarchical clustering to the data was performed. By a similarity in their compositions, two of the nine wells were grouped in a first cluster, while the other seven were grouped in a second cluster. Calcium was the major element in all wells, with higher Ca concentration in the second cluster than in the first cluster. However, concentrations of Ti, V, Cr in the first cluster are slightly higher than those in the second cluster. The findings of this study within a monitoring program of tube-wells could provide a useful assessment of controls over groundwater composition and support management at regional level.
本工作采用同步辐射全反射 X 射线荧光（SR-TXRF）技术分析了地下水中元素的浓度。选择了一组 9 口存在严重污染风险的管井，以监测巴西圣埃琳娜北 Serra Geral 含水层地下水中元素的平均浓度，监测时间为 1 年。采用 SR-TXRF 方法测定元素浓度。通过对标准参考物质的分析，验证了 SR-TXRF 技术的准确性。由于北 Serra Geral 含水层地下水中的组成在空间分布上存在不均匀性，对数据进行了层次聚类。由于组成相似，9 口井中的两口井被归为第一类，而其他 7 口井被归为第二类。所有井中均以钙为主要元素，第二类井中的钙浓度高于第一类井。然而，第一类井中钛、钒、铬的浓度略高于第二类井。在管井监测计划中进行这项研究，可以对地下水成分的控制进行有用的评估，并为区域层面的管理提供支持。
