CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of Fetal Medicine PMC, Osaka, Japan.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;17(5):261-8. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.05.008. Epub 2012 Jul 15.
High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has enabled the visualization of small embryos and fetuses, and embryology in vivo - '3D sonoembryology' - has been established based on conventional embryology. Recently developed imaging techniques allow the definition of in-vivo anatomy including visualization of the embryonic circulation and dynamic features that could not be characterized in fixed specimens. Three-dimensional ultrasound has facilitated increasingly accurate and objective prenatal diagnoses of cranium bifidum/spina bifida, holoprosencephaly and associated anomalies in the first trimester and may allow detection of pathologic central nervous system (CNS) development at an earlier gestational age. It may be no exaggeration to suggest that prenatal diagnoses of fetal abnormalities have shifted from second to first trimester. However, fetal brain develops rapidly in the second trimester, therefore early scanning covers only selected CNS anomalies described in this article and serial continuous observation in the second trimester will be required.
高分辨率三维（3D）超声技术使观察微小胚胎和胎儿成为可能，并基于传统胚胎学建立了“3D 超声胚胎学”。最近开发的成像技术可以定义体内解剖结构，包括胚胎循环的可视化和无法在固定标本中描述的动态特征。三维超声技术促进了在头盖骨裂/脊柱裂、全前脑和相关畸形的早期产前诊断的日益精确和客观，并可能允许更早地检测到病理性中枢神经系统（CNS）发育。可以毫不夸张地说，胎儿异常的产前诊断已经从第二个三个月转移到了第一个三个月。然而，胎儿大脑在第二个三个月快速发育，因此早期扫描仅涵盖本文中描述的选定 CNS 异常，并且需要在第二个三个月进行连续连续观察。
