Li Tao, Liu Yuan-Qiug, Guo Sheng-Mao, Ke Guo-Qing, Zhang Zhao, Xiao Xu-Bao, Liu Wu
College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang 330045, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2012 Apr;23(4):910-6.
This paper studied the variations of the community composition and individuals' number of soil fauna in limestone red soil region of Ruichang, Jiangxi Province after six years of converting cultivated lands into forestlands. Three converted forestlands, including the lands of mixed multiple-species forest, bamboo-broadleaved forest, and tree-seedling integration, were selected as test objects, with cultivated lands as the comparison. A total of 34 orders, 17 classes, and 6 phyla of soil fauna were observed in the converted forestlands. The dominant group was Nematoda, accounting for 86.7% of the total, whereas Acarina, Enchytraeidae, and Collembola were the common groups. In the cultivated lands, soil fauna had 21 orders, 10 classes, and 5 phyla. The dominant group was also Nematoda, accounting 86.7% of the total, and Acarina and Enchytraeidae were the common groups. In the converted forestlands, the group number of rare species was greater than that in the cultivated lands (30 vs. 18), and, except in winter, the group number and average density were significantly higher than those in the cultivated lands (P < 0.05). The vertical distribution of soil fauna in the soil profiles showed an obvious surface accumulation, which was more apparent in converted forestlands than in cultivated lands, and the individuals' number had significant differences between the surface (0-5 cm) layer and the 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm layers (P < 0.01) for both the converted forestlands and the cultivated lands. The group number of soil fauna in the converted forestlands had a seasonal variation ranked in the order of summer > autumn > spring > winter, and there was a significant difference between summer-autumn and spring-winter. The average density of the soil fauna also had a seasonal variation but ranked as autumn > summer > spring > winter, and the differences among the seasons were significant (P < 0.05). The biodiversity index of soil fauna was significantly higher in converted forestlands than in cultivated lands, and was the highest in mixed multiple-species forestland and the least in tree-seedling integration land.
本文研究了江西省瑞昌市石灰岩红壤地区耕地退耕还林6年后土壤动物群落组成和个体数量的变化。选取3种退耕林地，包括多树种混交林、竹阔混交林和林苗一体化林地作为试验对象，以耕地作为对照。在退耕林地共观察到土壤动物34目、17纲、6门。优势类群为线虫纲，占总数的86.7%，蜱螨目、线蚓科和弹尾目为常见类群。在耕地中，土壤动物有21目、10纲、5门。优势类群同样为线虫纲，占总数的86.7%，蜱螨目和线蚓科为常见类群。在退耕林地中，稀有物种的类群数比耕地多（30种对18种），除冬季外，类群数和平均密度均显著高于耕地（P<0.05）。土壤动物在土壤剖面中的垂直分布表现出明显的表聚性，在退耕林地中比在耕地中更明显，且退耕林地和耕地的表层（0 - 5厘米）与5 - 10厘米和10 - 15厘米层之间的个体数量存在显著差异（P<0.01）。退耕林地土壤动物的类群数存在季节变化，顺序为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季，夏秋与冬春之间存在显著差异。土壤动物的平均密度也有季节变化，但顺序为秋季>夏季>春季>冬季，季节间差异显著（P<0.05）。退耕林地土壤动物的生物多样性指数显著高于耕地，在多树种混交林地最高，在林苗一体化林地最低。
