Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Medical Faculty, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:21-47. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143739. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
The psychoactive constituent in cannabis, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was isolated in the mid-1960s, but the cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, and the major endogenous cannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) were identified only 20 to 25 years later. The cannabinoid system affects both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral processes. In this review, we have tried to summarize research--with an emphasis on recent publications--on the actions of the endocannabinoid system on anxiety, depression, neurogenesis, reward, cognition, learning, and memory. The effects are at times biphasic--lower doses causing effects opposite to those seen at high doses. Recently, numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds have been identified in the brain. Only a few have been investigated for their CNS activity, and future investigations on their action may throw light on a wide spectrum of brain functions.
大麻中的精神活性成分 Δ(9)-四氢大麻酚（THC）于 20 世纪 60 年代中期被分离出来，但大麻素受体 CB1 和 CB2 以及主要内源性大麻素（花生四烯酸乙醇胺和 2-花生四烯酰甘油）直到 20 到 25 年后才被确定。大麻素系统不仅影响中枢神经系统（CNS），还影响外周过程。在这篇综述中，我们尝试总结了内源性大麻素系统对焦虑、抑郁、神经发生、奖励、认知、学习和记忆的作用的研究，重点是最近的出版物。其作用有时呈双相性——低剂量会产生与高剂量相反的效果。最近，在大脑中发现了许多内源性大麻素样化合物。只有少数几种化合物的 CNS 活性已被研究过，对它们作用的进一步研究可能会揭示广泛的大脑功能。
