Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2012 Oct;96(5):878-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01324.x. Epub 2012 Jul 19.
This study aims at the comparison of the actual feeding of horses with the recommendations from the literature, and it studies the effects of feeding and exercise on several blood metabolic parameters before and after exercise. Blood samples were collected from 25 horses during one-star eventing competitions and evaluated for blood glucose, insulin, lactate, free fatty acids and triglyceride levels. Questionnaires on the feeding practices of the horses were evaluated. The questionnaires revealed that during training, and on tournament days, horses received on average 4.3 kg of concentrate per day (min. 1.54 kg, max. 8 kg). The statistical analysis showed no significant effect of the amount of concentrate fed before exercise on the measured blood values. Oil was supplied as a supplementary energy source to 30% of the horses, but most of them only received very small quantities (0.02-0.4 l/day). Five horses (20%) had no access to salt supplements at all, and eleven horses (45%) had no access to salt on tournament days. Fifteen horses (60%) were supplied with mineral feed. Twenty-one horses (84%) had daily access to pasture during the training period. During competition, 55% of the horses received roughage ad libitum, compared with 37% during training. The majority of the horses received less roughage on days before the cross-country competition. It could not be ascertained whether feeding a large amounts of roughage had a beneficial effect on performance, because only a few horses in this study were fed with very restrictive roughage. Feeding of most of the horses was in agreement with the recommendations from the literature, except the need for sodium and chloride. The sodium and chloride need for sport horses may be overestimated in literature and needs to be re-evaluated.
本研究旨在比较马的实际饲养情况与文献中的建议，并研究饲养和运动对运动前后几种血液代谢参数的影响。从 25 匹马的一星赛事中采集血液样本，评估血糖、胰岛素、乳酸、游离脂肪酸和甘油三酯水平。评估了关于马匹饲养实践的问卷。问卷显示，在训练和比赛日，马平均每天摄入 4.3 公斤浓缩饲料（最低 1.54 公斤，最高 8 公斤）。统计分析显示，运动前摄入的浓缩饲料量对测量的血液值没有显著影响。油被用作 30%马匹的补充能量来源，但大多数马匹只摄入非常少量的油（每天 0.02-0.4 升）。有 5 匹马（20%）根本没有接触盐补充剂，有 11 匹马（45%）在比赛日没有接触盐。15 匹马（60%）喂食矿物饲料。21 匹马（84%）在训练期间每天都有牧场。在比赛期间，55%的马可以自由采食粗饲料，而在训练期间为 37%。在越野比赛前的几天，大多数马的粗饲料摄入量较少。由于本研究中只有少数马被喂以非常严格的粗饲料，因此无法确定大量粗饲料喂养是否对表现有有益的影响。除了需要钠和氯之外，大多数马的喂养与文献中的建议相符。运动马对钠和氯的需求可能在文献中被高估，需要重新评估。
