Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2012 Apr;77(4):354-61. doi: 10.1134/S0006297912040062.
Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP(+)) and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE(+)) cations used as transmembrane carriers of ubiquinone (MitoQ) and plastoquinone (SkQ, SkQR) in mitochondria prevented at nanomolar concentrations the chitosan- or H(2)O(2)-induced destruction of the nucleus in epidermal cells of epidermis isolated from pea leaves. The protective effect of the cations was potentiated by palmitate. Penetrating anions of tetraphenylboron (TB(-)) and phenyl dicarbaundecaborane also displayed protective effects at micromolar concentrations; the effect of TB(-) was potentiated by NH(4)Cl. It is proposed that the protective effect of the penetrating cations and anions against chitosan is due to suppression of the generation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria as a result of the protonophoric effect of the cations plus fatty acids and the anions plus NH(4)(+). Phenol was suitable as the electron donor for H2O2 reduction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase, preventing the destruction of cell nuclei. The penetrating cations and anions, SkQ1, and SkQR1 did not maintain the peroxidase or peroxidase/oxidase reactions measured by their suitability as electron donors for H(2)O(2) reduction or by the oxidation of exogenous NADH.
四苯膦（TPP(+)) 和四甲基罗丹明乙酯（TMRE(+)) 阳离子作为泛醌（MitoQ）和质体醌（SkQ、SkQR）在跨膜载体在纳摩尔浓度下可防止壳聚糖或 H(2)O(2) 诱导的豌豆叶片表皮细胞细胞核破坏。脂肪酸和阴离子加 NH(4)Cl 可增强阳离子的保护作用。四苯硼（TB(-)) 和苯二甲羧基十一硼烷的穿透阴离子也在微摩尔浓度下表现出保护作用；TB(-) 的作用可通过 NH(4)Cl 增强。据提议，穿透阳离子和阴离子对壳聚糖的保护作用是由于质子载体作用加上脂肪酸和阴离子加 NH(4)(+) 导致线粒体中活性氧的产生受到抑制。酚是辣根过氧化物酶催化的 H2O2 还原的合适电子供体，可防止细胞核破坏。穿透阳离子和阴离子、SkQ1 和 SkQR1 不能维持过氧化物酶或过氧化物酶/氧化酶反应，这可以通过它们作为 H(2)O(2)还原或外源 NADH 氧化的合适电子供体来衡量。
