Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
J Dairy Sci. 2012 Aug;95(8):4447-51. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-5224.
Yellowish discharge after application of intravaginal progesterone releasing inserts is frequently observed in cows. The objective of this study was to compare the bacteriological contamination of the vagina and uterus before and after a treatment with a progesterone insert in heifers. Forty-two Holstein heifers received a progesterone releasing insert [Eazi-Breed controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert; Pfizer Animal Health, Berlin, Germany] for 7d. The protruding tail had been removed from half of the inserts (no tail group: n=21; tail group: n=21). Nine heifers from the tail group lost the insert within the 7-d treatment interval and were excluded. Heifers identified in estrus were artificially inseminated on d 9 or 10. Vaginal discharge was scored on a 4-point scale [vaginal discharge score (VDS) 0 to 3] and vaginal swabs were taken for bacteriological examination on d 0 and 7 and the day of artificial insemination (AI). Furthermore, cytological and bacteriological samples were obtained from the uterus on d 7 and the day of AI. On d 0, coliforms and Streptococcus spp. were found in vaginal swabs of 21 heifers (64%). On d 7, all heifers showed purulent vaginal discharge (VDS 2 to 3). The VDS was higher in the tail group compared with the no tail group. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, coliforms, and Streptococcus spp. were isolated from the vaginal swabs in 32 of 33 (96%) heifers on d 7. On the day of AI, VDS had improved to 0 or 1 in 96% of the heifers. However, A. pyogenes, coliforms, and Streptococcus spp. were still isolated in 17 of 33 (53%) heifers from the vagina and in 32 of 33 (96%) heifers from the endometrium. Endometrial cytology revealed polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in 11 heifers (6 to 32% PMN). Five samples exceeded the threshold of 5% PMN, and 2 samples exceeded the 10% PMN threshold, indicative of subclinical endometritis. In conclusion, pyogenic bacteria were found in the vagina and uterus on d 7 and the day of AI after intravaginal progesterone treatment. The severity of the discharge was affected by the protruding tail of the insert.
阴道内应用孕激素释放植入物后常出现黄色分泌物。本研究旨在比较阴道和子宫在荷斯坦小母牛使用孕激素植入物前后的细菌污染情况。42 头荷斯坦小母牛接受孕激素释放植入物[Eazi-Breed 控释内部药物释放（CIDR）植入物；辉瑞动物保健，柏林，德国]治疗 7d。一半的植入物切除了外露的尾巴（无尾组：n=21；尾组：n=21）。尾组中有 9 头小母牛在 7d 治疗期间丢失了植入物，被排除在外。发情的小母牛在第 9 天或第 10 天人工授精。阴道分泌物按 4 分制评分[阴道分泌物评分（VDS）0 至 3]，于第 0 天、第 7 天和人工授精（AI）当天取阴道拭子进行细菌学检查。此外，于第 7 天和 AI 当天从子宫获得细胞学和细菌学样本。第 0 天，21 头小母牛的阴道拭子中发现大肠埃希菌和链球菌属（64%）。第 7 天，所有小母牛均出现脓性阴道分泌物（VDS 2 至 3）。尾组的 VDS 高于无尾组。第 7 天，33 头（96%）小母牛的阴道拭子中分离出化脓隐秘杆菌、大肠埃希菌和链球菌属。AI 当天，96%的小母牛的 VDS 改善至 0 或 1。然而，阴道中仍有 17/33（53%）头小母牛和子宫内膜中 32/33（96%）头小母牛分离出化脓隐秘杆菌、大肠埃希菌和链球菌属。子宫内膜细胞学检查显示 11 头小母牛（6%至 32%PMN）中有多形核白细胞（PMN）。5 个样本的PMN 超过 5%的阈值，2 个样本的PMN 超过 10%的阈值，提示亚临床子宫内膜炎。总之，阴道内孕激素治疗后第 7 天和 AI 当天，阴道和子宫中发现化脓菌。分泌物的严重程度受植入物外露尾巴的影响。
