Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Sep;23(9):420-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 21.
Mitochondria are intracellular powerhouses that produce ATP and carry out diverse functions for cellular energy metabolism. Although the maintenance of an optimal NAD/NADH ratio is essential for mitochondrial function, it has recently become apparent that the maintenance of the mitochondrial NAD pool is also of crucial importance. The biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism of NAD and its key intermediates play an important role in the regulation of NAD-consuming mediators, such as sirtuins, poly-ADP-ribose polymerases, and CD38/157 ectoenzymes, in intra- and extracellular compartments. Mitochondrial NAD biosynthesis is also modulated in response to nutritional and environmental stimuli. In this article, we discuss this dynamic regulation of NAD metabolism in mitochondria to shed light on the intimate connection between NAD and mitochondrial function.
线粒体是细胞内的能量工厂，它们产生 ATP 并执行多种细胞能量代谢功能。尽管维持最佳的 NAD/NADH 比例对于线粒体功能至关重要，但最近人们已经清楚地认识到，维持线粒体 NAD 池也至关重要。NAD 及其关键中间产物的生物合成、运输和分解代谢在调节 NAD 消耗介质（如沉默调节蛋白、多聚 ADP-核糖聚合酶和 CD38/157 细胞外酶）在细胞内外隔室中的作用中起着重要作用。线粒体 NAD 生物合成也会响应营养和环境刺激而发生调节。在本文中，我们讨论了 NAD 代谢在线粒体中的这种动态调节，以阐明 NAD 与线粒体功能之间的密切联系。
