Mehlman Maxwell J
The Law-Medicine Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Law.
Recent Pat DNA Gene Seq. 2012 Dec;6(3):240-6. doi: 10.2174/187221512802717394.
Patented genetic technologies such as the ACTN3 genetic test are adding a new dimension to the types of performance enhancement available to elite athletes. Organized sports organizations and governments are seeking to prevent athletes' use of biomedical enhancements. This paper discusses how these interdiction efforts will affect the use and availability of genetic technologies that can enhance athletic performance. The paper provides a working definition of enhancement, and in light of that definition and the concerns of the sports community, reviews genetic enhancement as a result of varied technologies, including, genetic testing to identify innate athletic ability, performance-enhancing drugs developed with genetic science and technology, pharmacogenetics, enhancement through reproductive technologies, somatic gene transfer, and germ line gene transfer.
诸如ACTN3基因检测等获得专利的基因技术，正在为精英运动员可利用的提高成绩手段增添新的维度。体育组织和政府正试图阻止运动员使用生物医学增强手段。本文探讨这些禁令措施将如何影响可提高运动成绩的基因技术的使用和可得性。本文给出了增强手段的实用定义，并根据这一定义以及体育界的关切，审视了因各种技术导致的基因增强，这些技术包括：用于识别先天运动能力的基因检测、利用基因科学和技术研发的提高成绩药物、药物遗传学、通过生殖技术进行的增强、体细胞基因转移和生殖系基因转移。
