Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Cell Tissue Res. 2012 Sep;349(3):691-702. doi: 10.1007/s00441-012-1457-x. Epub 2012 Jul 29.
The testis is a complex organ playing host to one of the most intricate mass cell divisions occurring in postnatal life. Since the beginning of the 20th century, great efforts have been made to recapitulate spermatogenesis and elucidate spermatogonial stem cell function. These efforts have resulted in the development of a variety of model systems that provide invaluable knowledge regarding testis organogenesis, key cell types and their interactions, and signaling pathways controlling testis function. The goal of this review is to elaborate on the evolution of the techniques available from in vitro culture systems to in vivo bioassays by providing up to date information and weighing their particular strengths and weaknesses. Each technique offers a different approach to the elucidation of male reproduction, the enhancement of germ-lineage genetic manipulation, the preservation of gametes, the restoration of fertility, and the improvement in our understanding of stem cell biology.
睾丸是一个复杂的器官，是出生后发生的最复杂的巨细胞分裂之一的宿主。自 20 世纪初以来，人们一直在努力重现精子发生过程并阐明精原干细胞的功能。这些努力导致了各种模型系统的发展，这些系统为睾丸发生、关键细胞类型及其相互作用以及控制睾丸功能的信号通路提供了宝贵的知识。本文综述的目的是详细阐述从体外培养系统到体内生物测定的现有技术的演变，提供最新信息，并权衡其各自的优缺点。每种技术都为阐明男性生殖、增强生殖系遗传操作、保存配子、恢复生育能力以及提高我们对干细胞生物学的理解提供了不同的方法。
