Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, PO Box 71, 4010 Hungary.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Feb;20(2):917-24. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1091-x. Epub 2012 Jul 29.
Urban soil is an important component of urban ecosystems. This study focuses on heavy metal contamination in soils of Wien (Austria) and results are compared to those for a few large European cities. We analysed the elemental contents of 96 samples of topsoil from urban, suburban and rural areas in Wien along a dynamic (floodplain forest) and a stable (oak-hornbeam forest) urbanization gradient. The following elements were quantified using ICP-OES technique: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Pb, P, S and Zn. For heavy metals PI (pollution index) values were used to assess the level of pollution. The PI values indicated high level of pollution by Pb in the suburban and rural area of stable gradient and in the urban area of dynamic gradient; moderate level of pollution was indicated for Cd in the urban area of stable gradient. The level of pollution was moderate for Co in the suburban and rural area of the stable gradient, and for Cu in suburban area of stable gradient, and urban area of dynamic gradient. The pollution level of Zn was moderate in all areas. Urban soils, especially in urban parks and green areas may have a direct influence on human health. Thus, the elemental analysis of soil samples is one of the best ways to study the effects of urbanization. Our results indicated that the heavy metal contamination was higher in Wien than in a few large European cities.
城市土壤是城市生态系统的重要组成部分。本研究重点关注维也纳（奥地利）土壤中的重金属污染，并将结果与几个欧洲大城市进行了比较。我们分析了维也纳城市、郊区和农村地区 96 个表层土壤样本的元素含量，沿着动态（洪泛森林）和稳定（橡树山毛榉森林）城市化梯度进行。使用 ICP-OES 技术定量了以下元素：Al、As、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Pb、P、S 和 Zn。对于重金属，使用 PI（污染指数）值来评估污染水平。PI 值表明稳定梯度的郊区和农村地区以及动态梯度的城市地区的 Pb 污染水平很高；稳定梯度的城市地区的 Cd 污染水平为中度。稳定梯度的郊区和农村地区的 Co 和稳定梯度的郊区地区以及动态梯度的城市地区的 Cu 的污染水平为中度。Zn 的污染水平在所有地区均为中度。城市土壤，尤其是城市公园和绿地，可能直接影响人类健康。因此，土壤样品的元素分析是研究城市化影响的最佳方法之一。我们的结果表明，维也纳的重金属污染比几个欧洲大城市更高。
