Proctor Robert W, Chen Jing
Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2081, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2012 Sep;141(1):39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 31.
Three experiments examined the influence of distance between response keys (and hands) on the Stroop effect obtained for two-choice tasks in which stimulus colors were identified with keypresses. The Stroop effect was larger when the response locations were close together than when they were far apart, replicating a previous finding. Although this result was obtained only in the initial 30 trials, it was evident in a between-subject design as well as a within-subject design. With more practice, the Stroop effect was of similar size for the close and far separation conditions. Also, when the keys were close together, the Stroop effect was of similar size regardless of whether they were actuated by fingers from one or two hands, providing evidence against anatomical discriminability as a critical factor. Finally, the Stroop effect was numerically larger when the close keys were pressed by sticks held at the far separation than when the far keys were pressed by sticks held at the close separation, implicating distance between the keys rather than the hands as the main factor. The initially larger Stroop effect in RT for close keys could be due to lower spatial discriminability or to an accuracy bias in response thresholds, as suggested by the finding that it was accompanied by a numerically smaller effect in percent error.
三项实验考察了反应键（以及双手）之间的距离对在二选一任务中获得的斯特鲁普效应的影响，在这些任务中通过按键来识别刺激颜色。当反应位置靠得很近时，斯特鲁普效应比它们相距很远时更大，这重复了之前的一项发现。尽管这个结果仅在最初的30次试验中得到，但在被试间设计和被试内设计中都很明显。随着更多的练习，在近距离和远距离条件下，斯特鲁普效应的大小相似。此外，当按键靠得很近时，无论它们是由一只手还是两只手的手指操作，斯特鲁普效应的大小都相似，这提供了证据反驳解剖学可辨别性是一个关键因素。最后，当用相距很远时拿着的棍子按压近距离的按键时，斯特鲁普效应在数值上比用相距很近时拿着的棍子按压远距离的按键时更大，这表明按键之间的距离而非双手之间的距离是主要因素。对于近距离按键，反应时中最初较大的斯特鲁普效应可能是由于较低的空间辨别能力或反应阈值中的准确性偏差，这一发现表明它伴随着误差百分比中数值较小的效应。
