Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Jan;20(1):311-22. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1095-6. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
Synthetic musks are ubiquitous pollutants in aquatic environments. As hydrophobic chemicals, they can accumulate in terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Investigations into the bioaccumulation of these chemicals in aquatic ecosystem have, however, been limited, and previous results were inconsistent among species and ecosystem. Studies on this topic have been carried out in European countries, the USA, and Japan, but very few are known of the situation in China. The aim of this study was to investigate contaminant levels of musks in fish from Taihu Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China, as well as bioaccumulation and biomagnification of the pollutants in the freshwater food chain. Five polycyclic musks and two nitro musks were determined in 24 fish species and nine surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake. HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[γ]-2-benzopyran) and AHTN (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) were the predominant contaminants in the fish samples, with concentrations ranging from below the limit of detection (LOD) to 52.9 and from <LOD to 7.5 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Other contaminants were at low detection frequencies. The results indicated low concentrations of musks yet widespread occurrence of these contaminants in fish from Taihu Lake. Species-specific and lipid-related bioaccumulation characteristics were suggested, but no significant region-specific differences were observed. Normalized biota-sediment accumulation factors for HHCB and AHTN were noted to increase with trophic levels in fish. Trophic magnification factors were estimated at 1.12 for HHCB and 0.74 for AHTN. A biomagnification for HHCB, and probably biodilution for AHTN, in the freshwater food chain are indicated, when trophic magnification factors were concerned. However, the correlations between logarithmic concentrations of the chemicals and trophic levels were not statistically significant. Further study using long food chains in this lake is still needed.
合成麝香是水生环境中普遍存在的污染物。作为疏水性化学物质，它们可以在陆地和水生生物中积累。然而，对这些化学物质在水生生态系统中的生物积累的研究还很有限，以前的结果在物种和生态系统之间也不一致。这方面的研究在欧洲国家、美国和日本都有开展，但在中国的情况却知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查中国第二大淡水湖太湖鱼类中麝香的污染水平，以及这些污染物在淡水食物链中的生物积累和生物放大情况。在太湖的 24 种鱼类和 9 个表层沉积物样本中测定了 5 种多环麝香和 2 种硝基麝香。在鱼类样本中，HHCB（1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-4,6,6,7,8,8-六甲基环戊[γ]-2-苯并吡喃）和 AHTN（7-乙酰基-1,1,3,4,4,6-六甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘）是主要污染物，浓度范围分别为低于检测限（LOD）至 52.9 和 <LOD 至 7.5ng/g 脂重。其他污染物的检出频率较低。结果表明，尽管麝香的浓度较低，但在太湖鱼类中这些污染物的广泛存在。表明存在物种特异性和脂质相关的生物积累特征，但未观察到明显的区域特异性差异。HHCB 和 AHTN 的归一化生物-沉积物积累因子被认为随着鱼类的营养水平而增加。HHCB 的营养放大因子估计为 1.12，AHTN 的营养放大因子估计为 0.74。当涉及营养放大因子时，表明在淡水食物链中 HHCB 存在生物放大，而 AHTN 可能存在生物稀释。然而，化学物质的对数浓度与营养水平之间的相关性没有统计学意义。在该湖中使用更长的食物链进行进一步研究仍然是必要的。
