Lachnit H, Pieper W
Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, F.R. Germany.
Ergonomics. 1990 Dec;33(12):1443-54. doi: 10.1080/00140139008925345.
In two experiments we studied the influence of dexterity (controls, typists, pianists) and of differences between the five fingers of the dominant hand on speed and accuracy in a 5-choice reaction task. We used five coloured squares (Blue, Green, Yellow, Red, White) as stimuli, randomly varying foreperiods (3-10s) and an intermediate stimulus-response-compatibility. The results reported here were independent of sex, foreperiods, and colour of stimuli. In Experiment 1 (N = 168) with three groups (controls, typists, pianists) thumb and little finger showed significantly shorter reaction times than did index, middle, and ring finger. This difference did not interact with dexterity. Averaged across all the fingers typists and controls did not differ. Pianists showed significantly shorter reaction times than these two groups. Experiment 2 (N = 40) replicated all these findings. In both experiments groups did not differ in speed-accuracy-trade-off. The accuracy of the fingers was independent of dexterity. In all three groups the little finger showed the lowest rate of false alarms and the highest degree of reliability. The frequency distribution of finger confusions in all groups was in accordance with the spatial proximity of fingers: the closer their proximity the higher were the rates of confusion. In addition, these distributions showed an asymmetry across all three groups. The finger next to the 'correct' finger in direction towards the thumb showed the highest false alarm rate in each case.
在两项实验中，我们研究了灵活性（对照组、打字员、钢琴家）以及优势手五指之间的差异对一项5选反应任务的速度和准确性的影响。我们使用五个彩色方块（蓝色、绿色、黄色、红色、白色）作为刺激物，随机改变预备时间（3 - 10秒）以及中间的刺激 - 反应兼容性。此处报告的结果与性别、预备时间和刺激物颜色无关。在实验1（N = 168）中，有三组（对照组、打字员、钢琴家），拇指和小指的反应时间明显短于食指、中指和无名指。这种差异与灵活性无关。所有手指的平均反应时间，打字员和对照组没有差异。钢琴家的反应时间明显短于这两组。实验2（N = 40）重复了所有这些发现。在两项实验中，各组在速度 - 准确性权衡方面没有差异。手指的准确性与灵活性无关。在所有三组中，小指的误报率最低，可靠性程度最高。所有组中手指混淆的频率分布与手指的空间邻近度一致：邻近度越高，混淆率越高。此外，这些分布在所有三组中都显示出不对称性。在朝着拇指方向上紧邻“正确”手指的那个手指在每种情况下误报率最高。
