Pereira Branca Isabel, Nazareth Cláudia, Malcata Lurdes, Alves Helena, Fernández José Rafael, Sargento Celene, da Cunha Saraiva
Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2011 Dec;24 Suppl 4:897-906. Epub 2011 Dec 31.
Protozoal infections that are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion include Malaria, Chagas Disease, African Trypanosomiasis, Leshmaniasis, Toxoplasmosis and Babesiosis. With exception of Toxoplasmosis and Leishmaniasis, these diseases are endemic in mainly tropical low income countries and, in non-endemic countries like Portugal, the reported cases are imported from these endemic areas by travelers or immigrants. Globalization, with increasing travel and immigration poses the risk of exposition to these infectious agents and raises the issue of possible transmission by blood transfusion. According to recommendations of the Council of Europe, strategies to prevent the transmission of these infections by blood transfusion have been implemented. Given that the risk is introduced by a specific group of donors, travelers or immigrants from endemic areas, the main strategy to prevent this transmission depends on the identification of these groups of donors using questionnaires during the pre-donation procedures. Additional measures, like serological testing and pathogen inactivation procedures, when available, contribute not only to reduce the risk of transmission but also to avoid unnecessary rejections.
可通过输血有效传播的原生动物感染包括疟疾、恰加斯病、非洲锥虫病、利什曼病、弓形虫病和巴贝斯虫病。除弓形虫病和利什曼病外，这些疾病主要流行于热带低收入国家，在葡萄牙等非流行国家，报告的病例是由旅行者或移民从这些流行地区输入的。随着旅行和移民的增加，全球化带来了接触这些传染源的风险，并引发了输血可能传播疾病的问题。根据欧洲委员会的建议，已实施了预防这些感染通过输血传播的策略。鉴于风险是由特定的捐赠者群体，即来自流行地区的旅行者或移民引入的，预防这种传播的主要策略取决于在献血前程序中使用问卷识别这些捐赠者群体。其他措施，如血清学检测和病原体灭活程序（如可用），不仅有助于降低传播风险，还能避免不必要的拒收。
