Leichtman M
Children's Division, Menninger Foundation, Topeka, Kansas.
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1990;38(4):915-50. doi: 10.1177/000306519003800403.
After describing the manner in which the integration of psychoanalysis and developmental psychology became a central problem for ego psychology, the author examines the conditions that make it possible for new research and theory in developmental psychology to contribute to a revolution in contemporary psychoanalytic theory. They include: (1) the emergence of a state of "crisis" in American psychoanalysis centering on questions of the nature of early development and how it can be known; (2) the explosive growth of developmental research on early childhood dealing with issues at the heart of that crisis; and (3) the presence of a new generation of psychoanalysts and psychoanalytically oriented researchers capable of bringing that research to bear on those issues.
在描述了精神分析与发展心理学的整合如何成为自我心理学的核心问题之后，作者考察了使发展心理学的新研究和理论能够促成当代精神分析理论变革的条件。这些条件包括：（1）美国精神分析领域出现了以早期发展的本质及其如何被认识等问题为核心的“危机”状态；（2）关于幼儿期的发展研究呈爆发式增长，这些研究涉及到该危机核心的问题；（3）新一代精神分析师和具有精神分析取向的研究人员的存在，他们能够将该研究应用于这些问题。
