在 Mediterranean 饮食模式背景下，用餐次数、咖啡摄入量、盐摄入量和炊具类型在结直肠癌发展中的作用。
The role of number of meals, coffee intake, salt and type of cookware on colorectal cancer development in the context of the Mediterranean diet.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
出版信息
Public Health Nutr. 2013 May;16(5):928-35. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012003369. Epub 2012 Aug 8.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between dietary behaviours and colorectal cancer (CRC) in the context of the Mediterranean diet.
DESIGN
Case-control study.
SETTING
All patients (cases) were recruited from Saint Savvas Cancer Hospital and Alexandra General Hospital in Athens, Greece. Controls were voluntarily selected from the general population and matched to cases by age group (±10 years) and sex.
SUBJECTS
Two hundred and fifty cases with newly diagnosed CRC (mean age 63 (sd 12) years, 59·6 % males) and 250 controls matched on age and sex were studied. A standardized questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, dietary characteristics and nutritional behaviours was applied. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the aforementioned factors in addition to the MedDietScore (an index that evaluates adherence to the Mediterranean diet) on CRC development.
RESULTS
The higher the daily number of meals, the lower the likelihood of having CRC (OR = 0·74, 95 % CI 0·61, 0·89); coffee drinking was associated with higher likelihood of having CRC (OR = 3·27, 95 % CI 1·09, 9·8); the use of non-stick cookware was positively associated with CRC (OR = 1·57, 95 % CI 1·02, 2·4). However, these associations slightly lost their significance when adherence to the Mediterranean diet was taken into account. Moreover, a 1/75 increase in the modified-MedDietScore plus the aforementioned nutritional behaviours was associated with 13 % lower odds (95 % CI 0·83, 0·91, P < 0·001) of having CRC.
CONCLUSIONS
Nutritional behaviours in addition to dietary habits should be taken into account in detecting individuals prone to the development of CRC.
目的
探讨地中海饮食背景下的饮食行为与结直肠癌（CRC）之间的关联。
设计
病例对照研究。
地点
所有患者（病例）均在希腊雅典的圣萨瓦癌症医院和亚历山德拉综合医院招募。对照组从一般人群中自愿选择，并按年龄组（±10 岁）和性别与病例匹配。
研究对象
研究了 250 例新诊断的 CRC 患者（平均年龄 63（12）岁，59.6%为男性）和 250 名年龄和性别匹配的对照者。采用标准化问卷评估社会人口统计学、临床、生活方式、饮食特征和营养行为。采用多因素逻辑回归分析评估上述因素以及地中海饮食评分（评估对地中海饮食的依从性的指数）对 CRC 发病的影响。
结果
每天进食次数越多，CRC 的发病可能性越低（OR=0.74，95%CI 0.61，0.89）；喝咖啡与 CRC 发病的可能性增加相关（OR=3.27，95%CI 1.09，9.8）；使用不粘锅与 CRC 呈正相关（OR=1.57，95%CI 1.02，2.4）。然而，当考虑到地中海饮食的依从性时，这些关联的意义略有减弱。此外，改良地中海饮食评分每增加 1/75，以及上述营养行为，与 CRC 发病的可能性降低 13%相关（95%CI 0.83，0.91，P<0.001）。
结论
在检测易发生 CRC 的个体时，应考虑饮食行为以外的营养行为。
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