FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 24;14(1):61. doi: 10.3390/nu14010061.
Despite the well-known benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), data on the sodium intake is scarce. This study aimed to quantify the association between sodium excretion and the adherence to the MedDiet in the elderly. A representative sample of 1500 Portuguese adults (≥65 years) was assessed (1321 were eligible for the present analysis). A 24 h urine sample was collected and analysed for creatinine and sodium. Excessive sodium intake was defined as above 2000 mg/day. The adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by the PREDIMED. A binary logistic regression model was conducted to evaluate the association between urinary sodium excretion and the adherence to the MedDiet. Odds Ratios (OR) and respective 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Excessive sodium excretion was observed in 80.0% of men and 91.5% of women whereas a high adherence to the MedDiet was reported by 42.2% of women and 46.4% of men. After adjusting for confounders, excessive sodium excretion was associated with a high adherence to the MedDiet in men (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.03-3.65) but not in women. These results show that the MedDiet can be an important source of sodium and highlight the need for implementing strategies to reduce sodium intake when following a MedDiet.
尽管地中海饮食（MedDiet）有众所周知的益处，但有关钠摄入量的数据却很少。本研究旨在定量评估老年人钠排泄与地中海饮食依从性之间的关系。评估了一个有代表性的 1500 名葡萄牙成年人（≥65 岁）样本（有 1321 人符合本分析的条件）。收集并分析了 24 小时尿液样本中的肌酐和钠。过量的钠摄入量定义为每天超过 2000 毫克。地中海饮食的依从性通过 PREDIMED 进行评估。采用二元逻辑回归模型评估尿钠排泄与地中海饮食依从性之间的关系。计算了比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（95%CI）。80.0%的男性和 91.5%的女性存在过量的钠排泄，而 42.2%的女性和 46.4%的男性报告了较高的地中海饮食依从性。在调整了混杂因素后，过量的钠排泄与男性的高地中海饮食依从性相关（OR=1.94；95%CI：1.03-3.65），但在女性中则不然。这些结果表明，地中海饮食可能是钠的重要来源，并强调在遵循地中海饮食时需要采取策略来减少钠的摄入量。
