Sinus bradycardia: normal phenomenon or risk factor? Evaluation based on recent evidence.

Although sinus bradycardia is a common abnormality seen in medical reports, the proper evaluation of sinus bradycardia is poorly understood by physicians. Recent data from heart rate epidemiologic and cohort studies has emerged regarding the risk stratification of sinus bradycardia, which may help insurers better underwrite this abnormality. In this review, an operational age-related heart rate reference based on recent advances is provided along with a suggested approach to the risk stratification and assessment of prognosis for inappropriate sinus bradycardia.