Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Prog Brain Res. 2012;199:305-336. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59427-3.00018-6.
The phase of the mammalian circadian system can be entrained to a range of environmental stimuli, or zeitgebers, including food availability and light. Further, locomotor activity can act as an entraining signal and represents a mechanism for an endogenous behavior to feedback and influence subsequent circadian function. This process involves a number of nuclei distributed across the brain stem, thalamus, and hypothalamus and ultimately alters SCN electrical and molecular function to induce phase shifts in the master circadian pacemaker. Locomotor activity feedback to the circadian system is effective across both nocturnal and diurnal species, including humans, and has recently been shown to improve circadian function in a mouse model with a weakened circadian system. This raises the possibility that exercise may be useful as a noninvasive treatment in cases of human circadian dysfunction including aging, shift work, transmeridian travel, and the blind.
哺乳动物的生物钟周期可以被一系列环境刺激，即授时因子，包括食物供应和光照所调整。此外，运动活动可以作为一个授时信号，代表一种内源性行为反馈并影响随后的生物钟功能的机制。这个过程涉及到分布在脑干、丘脑和下丘脑的许多核团，最终改变 SCN 的电和分子功能，以诱导主生物钟的相位变化。运动活动对生物钟系统的反馈在包括人类在内的夜间和白天活动的物种中都有效，并且最近已经表明，在生物钟系统较弱的小鼠模型中，运动活动可以改善生物钟功能。这就提出了一种可能性，即运动可能作为一种非侵入性治疗手段，对人类生物钟功能障碍（包括衰老、轮班工作、跨时区旅行和失明）有用。
