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Appl Ergon. 2013 Jan;44(1):142-50. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.06.003. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the canopy shape of an umbrella on physical load when holding the umbrella in different circumstances. For this purpose, thirteen subjects participated in this study and muscle activity of seven muscles of the upper limb (including the forearm) was measured for 5 wind speeds (4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Bft) and two wind directions (front and side). From the results, it was seen that for the p50 value of the muscle activity, the umbrella with the asymmetric canopy required 62% and for the p90 value of the muscle activity 74% of the muscle activity, on average, over all wind speeds - compared to the traditional umbrella. Based on these results, we can conclude that the physical load of holding the traditional umbrella is significantly higher than holding the umbrella with the asymmetric canopy shape in windy conditions.
本研究旨在探讨在不同情况下持伞时伞面形状对物理负荷的影响。为此，十三名受试者参与了这项研究，测量了上肢（包括前臂）的七块肌肉的肌肉活动，共 5 种风速（4、5、6、7、8 节）和两种风向（前向和侧向）。结果表明，对于肌肉活动的 p50 值，不对称伞面的伞需要 62%，对于肌肉活动的 p90 值，平均而言，在所有风速下，需要比传统伞多 74%的肌肉活动。基于这些结果，我们可以得出结论，在有风的情况下，传统伞的持伞物理负荷明显高于持伞具有不对称伞面形状的伞。
