Department of Public Health and General Practice at the Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Håkon Jarls gate 11, N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012 Aug 11;12:83. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-83.
Few studies have investigated the impact of sexual violence on health during pregnancy. We examined the association between sexual violence and the reporting of physical symptoms during pregnancy.
A population-based national cohort study conducted by The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) collected data from pregnant women through postal questionnaires at 17 and 32 weeks gestation. Three levels of sexual violence were measured: 1) mild (pressured into sexual relations), 2) moderate (forced with violence into sexual relation) and 3) severe (rape). Differences between women reporting and not reporting sexual violence were assessed using Pearson's X2 test and multiple logistic regression analyses.
Of 78 660 women, 12.0% (9 444) reported mild, 2.8% (2 219) moderate and 3.6% (2 805) severe sexual violence. Sexual violence was significantly associated with increased reporting of pregnancy-related physical symptoms, both measured in number of symptoms and duration/degree of suffering. Compared to women not reporting sexual violence, the probability of suffering from ≥8 pregnancy-related symptoms estimated by Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) was 1.49 (1.41-1.58) for mild sexual violence, 1.66(1.50-1.84) for moderate and 1.78 (1.62-1.95) for severe. Severe sexual violence both previously and recently had the strongest association with suffering from ≥8 pregnancy-related symptoms, AOR 6.70 (2.34-19.14).
A history of sexual violence is associated with increased reporting of pregnancy-related physical symptoms. Clinicians should consider the possible role of a history of sexual violence when treating women who suffer extensively from pregnancy-related symptoms.
鲜有研究调查性暴力对孕期健康的影响。我们研究了性暴力与孕期身体症状报告之间的关联。
挪威母亲和儿童队列研究（MoBa）进行了一项基于人群的全国性队列研究，通过在 17 周和 32 周妊娠时的邮寄问卷收集孕妇数据。性暴力的三个级别为：1）轻度（被迫发生性关系），2）中度（暴力强迫发生性关系）和 3）重度（强奸）。采用 Pearson X2 检验和多因素逻辑回归分析评估报告和未报告性暴力的女性之间的差异。
在 78660 名女性中，12.0%（9444 名）报告了轻度、2.8%（2219 名）中度和 3.6%（2805 名）重度性暴力。性暴力与增加报告与怀孕相关的身体症状显著相关，无论是症状数量还是痛苦的持续时间/程度。与未报告性暴力的女性相比，通过调整优势比（AOR）估计患有≥8 种与怀孕相关的症状的可能性，轻度性暴力为 1.49（1.41-1.58），中度为 1.66（1.50-1.84），重度为 1.78（1.62-1.95）。最近和以前的重度性暴力与患有≥8 种与怀孕相关的症状的相关性最强，AOR 为 6.70（2.34-19.14）。
性暴力史与增加报告与怀孕相关的身体症状相关。当治疗广泛患有与怀孕相关的症状的女性时，临床医生应考虑性暴力史的可能作用。
