Center for Counseling and Psychological Services, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2012 Jul-Aug;20(4):233-45. doi: 10.3109/10673229.2012.712837.
Available information about college student mental health has largely been anecdotal or based on information drawn from a single institution. This review examines ten studies published within the past 20 years that focused on college student mental health using data collected from multisite college or university counseling center clients or staff. This subset of research on college student mental health is important in view of the increased demands on counseling centers and the increased emphasis on evidence-based practice. Collectively, these studies suggest that the presenting concerns of college students are changing, that those in treatment are more distressed than those who are not, that clients who identify as ethnic minorities appear to evidence slightly more distress than their white counterparts, that matching client and counselors relative to ethnicity does not appear to improve outcome, and that counseling services seem to improve outcome. While each study makes a unique contribution to the literature, this body of literature suffers from a common set of limitations that stem from the difficulties associated with multisite research, research taking place in active clinical work, and the time-limited nature of data sets. Through our review and critique of these studies, we discuss the importance of establishing an infrastructure that helps researchers to elucidate trends, effective treatments, and risk factors that will be useful to clinicians treating this population. The Center for Collegiate Mental Health, a practice-research network focused on college student mental health, is described and preliminary findings from this entity are presented.
关于大学生心理健康的可用信息主要是轶事或基于单一机构的信息。本综述审查了过去 20 年中发表的十项研究，这些研究使用多地点学院或大学咨询中心客户或工作人员收集的数据，重点关注大学生心理健康。鉴于咨询中心的需求增加以及对基于证据的实践的重视，这种关于大学生心理健康的研究子集很重要。这些研究表明，大学生的关注点正在发生变化，接受治疗的学生比未接受治疗的学生更苦恼，自认为是少数民族的客户似乎比他们的白人同龄人稍微更苦恼，客户和辅导员与种族相匹配似乎不会改善结果，咨询服务似乎会改善结果。虽然每项研究都对文献做出了独特的贡献，但这组文献存在一些共同的局限性，这些局限性源于多地点研究、在积极的临床工作中进行的研究以及数据集的限时性质所带来的困难。通过对这些研究的回顾和批评，我们讨论了建立一个有助于研究人员阐明趋势、有效治疗方法和风险因素的基础设施的重要性，这些趋势、有效治疗方法和风险因素对治疗这一人群的临床医生很有用。描述了专注于大学生心理健康的实践研究网络——大学生心理健康中心，并介绍了该实体的初步发现。
