TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Childrens Hospital Westmead, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
J Clin Neurosci. 2012 Oct;19(10):1387-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.01.028. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
Paediatric brain tumours are the most common solid tumour of childhood and the most common cancer cause of death among children. A retrospective review of 313 histopathologically proven brain tumours over an 11-year period has been performed at the Children's Hospital Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, to determine proportions and locations of different tumours, age distribution, survival rates and usage of various treatment modalities. Pilocytic astrocytoma was the most common paediatric brain tumour (29%) followed by medulloblastoma (12%) and ependymoma (6%). Most tumours were histologically benign (59%), and 42% of tumours were located in the posterior fossa. The average age at diagnosis was 7.9 years. About 50% of children were treated with surgery alone, whereas the other 50% had surgery or biopsy plus adjuvant treatment. The overall one-year survival rate was 89% and the five-year survival rate was 80%. The five-year survival rates for pilocytic astrocytoma was 91%; medulloblastoma, 75%; ependymoma, 82%; and high grade glioma, 15%. Thus, a large proportion of paediatric brain tumours were histologically benign and were treated with surgery alone, but a subset of benign tumours required adjuvant treatment and were associated with mortality (25%). The overall survival rates were high and are improving, although for some tumours, such as high grade glioma, the outlook remains poor.
小儿脑肿瘤是儿童中最常见的实体瘤，也是儿童癌症死亡的主要原因。在澳大利亚新南威尔士州韦斯特米德儿童医院，对过去 11 年的 313 例经组织病理学证实的脑肿瘤进行了回顾性研究，以确定不同肿瘤的比例和位置、年龄分布、生存率以及各种治疗方式的应用情况。毛细胞星形细胞瘤是最常见的小儿脑肿瘤（29%），其次是髓母细胞瘤（12%）和室管膜瘤（6%）。大多数肿瘤在组织学上是良性的（59%），42%的肿瘤位于后颅窝。平均诊断年龄为 7.9 岁。约 50%的患儿仅接受手术治疗，而另外 50%的患儿接受手术或活检加辅助治疗。患儿的 1 年总生存率为 89%，5 年总生存率为 80%。毛细胞星形细胞瘤的 5 年生存率为 91%，髓母细胞瘤为 75%，室管膜瘤为 82%，高级别胶质瘤为 15%。因此，很大一部分小儿脑肿瘤在组织学上是良性的，仅接受手术治疗，但一部分良性肿瘤需要辅助治疗，与死亡率相关（25%）。总的生存率较高，且在不断提高，尽管对于某些肿瘤，如高级别胶质瘤，预后仍较差。
