Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Immunobiology. 2012 Dec;217(12):1259-65. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.06.009. Epub 2012 Jul 2.
Regulation of an immune response requires complex crosstalk between cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, via both cell-cell contact and secretion of cytokines. An important cytokine with a broad regulatory role in the immune system is transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). TGF-β is produced by and has effects on many different cells of the immune system, and plays fundamental roles in the regulation of immune responses during homeostasis, infection and disease. Although many cells can produce TGFβ, it is always produced as an inactive complex that must be activated to bind to the TGFβ receptor complex and promote downstream signalling. Thus, regulation of TGFβ activation is a crucial step in controlling TGFβ function. This review will discuss how TGFβ controls diverse immune responses and how TGFβ function is regulated, with a focus on recent work highlighting a critical role for the integrin αvβ8 expressed by dendritic cells in activating TGFβ.
免疫反应的调节需要先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统细胞之间通过细胞-细胞接触和细胞因子分泌的复杂串扰。转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）是一种在免疫系统中具有广泛调节作用的重要细胞因子。TGF-β由免疫系统的许多不同细胞产生，并对其产生作用，在稳态、感染和疾病期间的免疫反应调节中发挥着基本作用。尽管许多细胞都可以产生 TGFβ，但它总是以一种无活性的复合物形式产生，该复合物必须被激活才能与 TGFβ 受体复合物结合并促进下游信号转导。因此，TGFβ 激活的调节是控制 TGFβ 功能的关键步骤。本综述将讨论 TGFβ 如何控制各种免疫反应，以及 TGFβ 功能如何受到调节，重点介绍最近的工作，强调树突状细胞表达的整合素 αvβ8 在激活 TGFβ 中的关键作用。
