Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter Jordan Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
Waste Manag. 2012 Dec;32(12):2418-25. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.07.022. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
Risk assessment of two sections (I and II) of an old landfill (ALH) in Styria (Austria) in terms of reactivity of waste organic matter and the related potential of gaseous emissions was performed using conventional parameters and innovative tools to verify their effectiveness in practice. The ecological survey of the established vegetation at the landfill surface (plant sociological relevés) indicated no relevant emissions over a longer period of time. Statistical evaluation of conventional parameters reveals that dissolved organic carbon (DOC), respiration activity (RA(4)), loss of ignition (LOI) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) mostly influence the variability of the gas generation sum (GS(21)). According to Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectral data and the results of the classification model the reactivity potential of the investigated sections is very low which is in accordance with the results of plant sociological relevés and biological tests. The interpretation of specific regions in the FT-IR spectra was changed and adapted to material characteristics. Contrary to mechanically-biologically treated (MBT) materials, where strong aliphatic methylene bands indicate reactivity, they are rather assigned to the C-H vibrations of plastics in old landfill materials. This assumption was confirmed by thermal analysis and the characteristic heat flow profile of plastics containing landfill samples. Therefore organic carbon contents are relatively high compared to other stable landfills as shown by a prediction model for TOC contents based on heat flow profiles and partial least squares regression (PLS-R). The stability of the landfill samples, expressed by the relation of CO(2) release and enthalpies, was compared to unreactive landfills, archeological samples, earthlike materials and hardly degradable organic matter. Due to the material composition and the aging process the landfill samples are located between hardly degradable, but easily combustible materials and thermally resistant materials with acquired stability.
对施蒂利亚州（奥地利）一个旧垃圾填埋场（ALH）的两个部分（I 和 II）进行风险评估，评估内容涉及废物有机物的反应性以及相关气体排放的潜力，评估使用了常规参数和创新工具，以验证它们在实践中的有效性。对垃圾填埋场表面现有植被的生态调查（植物社会学调查）表明，在较长时间内没有相关排放。常规参数的统计评估表明，溶解有机碳（DOC）、呼吸活性（RA(4)）、烧失量（LOI）和总无机碳（TIC）主要影响气体生成总量（GS(21)）的可变性。根据傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱数据和分类模型的结果，所研究部分的反应性潜力非常低，这与植物社会学调查和生物测试的结果一致。FT-IR 光谱中特定区域的解释发生了变化，并根据材料特性进行了调整。与经过机械-生物处理（MBT）的材料不同，其中强脂肪族亚甲基带表明具有反应性，它们更倾向于被归因于旧垃圾填埋材料中塑料的 C-H 振动。这一假设通过热分析和含有垃圾填埋样品的塑料的特征热流曲线得到了证实。因此，与其他稳定的垃圾填埋场相比，有机碳含量相对较高，这一点可以通过基于热流曲线和偏最小二乘回归（PLS-R）的 TOC 含量预测模型得到证明。通过 CO(2)释放和焓的关系来比较垃圾填埋场样品的稳定性，与非反应性垃圾填埋场、考古样本、类土材料和几乎不可降解的有机物进行了比较。由于材料组成和老化过程，垃圾填埋场样品位于几乎不可降解但易于燃烧的材料和具有获得的稳定性的耐热材料之间。
