McCormick K L, Susa J B, Widness J A, Singer D B, Adamsons K, Schwartz R
Diabetes. 1979 Dec;28(12):1064-8. doi: 10.2337/diab.28.12.1064.
Hyperinsulinemia was produced in fetal rhesus monkeys for 21 days in the last third of gestation by subcutaneous pork insulin injected at 19 U a day. Plasma insulin concentrations in treated fetuses (N = 4) were 3525 microU/ml. There was no difference in paired pre- and post-treatment fetal plasma glucose concentration. Activity of the hepatic enzymes that promote glucose utilization (glucokinase and hexokinase) and glycolysis (phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase) was unaffected. Similarly, glycogen metabolism enzymes (active and inactive synthase and phosphorylase) were unaltered. Two gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase) were diminished in the treated group compared with controls. Fetal hyperinsulinemia enhanced lipogenic and NADPH-producing enzyme activities, as evidenced by a twofold increase in fatty acid synthase and in citrate cleavage enzyme activity. Malic enzyme was absent. Hyperinsulinemia with euglycemia (1) increases the activity of enzymes that participate in lipogenesis, (2) decreases some of those controlling gluconeogenesis, and (3) has no effect on the enzymes of glycolysis.
在妊娠最后三分之一阶段，通过每天皮下注射19单位的猪胰岛素，使恒河猴胎儿产生高胰岛素血症，持续21天。接受治疗的胎儿（N = 4）血浆胰岛素浓度为3525微单位/毫升。治疗前后胎儿血浆葡萄糖浓度无差异。促进葡萄糖利用（葡萄糖激酶和己糖激酶）和糖酵解（磷酸果糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶和丙酮酸脱氢酶）的肝酶活性未受影响。同样，糖原代谢酶（活性和非活性合成酶及磷酸化酶）也未改变。与对照组相比，治疗组的两种糖异生酶（磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶）减少。胎儿高胰岛素血症增强了脂肪生成和产生烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）的酶活性，脂肪酸合酶和柠檬酸裂解酶活性增加两倍就证明了这一点。苹果酸酶不存在。血糖正常的高胰岛素血症（1）增加参与脂肪生成的酶的活性，（2）降低一些控制糖异生的酶的活性，（3）对糖酵解酶没有影响。
