International Water Management Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia International Water Management Institute, Pretoria, South Africa International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka International Water Management Institute, Vientiane, Laos.
Trop Med Int Health. 2012 Nov;17(11):1320-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03077.x. Epub 2012 Aug 22.
To identify entomological determinants of increased malaria transmission in the vicinity of the Koka reservoir in Central Ethiopia.
Larval and adult mosquitoes were collected between August 2006 and December 2007 in villages close to (<1km) and farther away from (>6 km) the Koka reservoir. Adult mosquitoes were tested for the source of blood meal and sporozoites.
In reservoir villages, shoreline puddles and seepage at the base of the dam were the most productive Anopheles-breeding habitats. In villages farther from the dam (control villages), rain pools were important breeding habitats. About five times more mature anopheline larvae and six times more adult anophelines were found in the villages near the reservoir. Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles pharoensis were the most abundant species in the reservoir villages throughout the study period. The majority of adult and larval anophelines were collected during the peak malaria transmission season (September-October). Blood meal tests suggested that A. arabiensis fed on humans more commonly (74.6%) than A. pharoensis (62.3%). Plasmodium falciparum-infected A. arabiensis (0.97-1.32%) and A. pharoensis (0.47-0.70%) were present in the reservoir villages. No P. falciparum-infected anophelines were present in the control villages.
The Koka reservoir contributes to increased numbers of productive Anopheles-breeding sites. This is the likely the cause for the greater abundance of malaria vectors and higher number of malaria cases evidenced in the reservoir villages. Complementing current malaria control strategies with source reduction interventions should be considered to reduce malaria in the vicinity of the reservoir.
确定埃塞俄比亚中部科卡水库附近增加疟疾传播的昆虫学决定因素。
2006 年 8 月至 2007 年 12 月，在靠近（<1 公里）和远离（>6 公里）科卡水库的村庄收集幼虫和成虫蚊子。成年蚊子接受血液来源和孢子检查。
在水库村庄，湖边水坑和水坝底部渗漏是最适合疟蚊繁殖的栖息地。在离大坝更远的村庄（对照村庄），雨水池是重要的繁殖栖息地。在靠近水库的村庄，成熟疟蚊幼虫和成年疟蚊的数量分别是对照村庄的五倍和六倍。在整个研究期间，阿比西尼亚疟蚊和法罗疟蚊是水库村庄最丰富的物种。大多数成年和幼虫疟蚊在疟疾传播高峰期（9 月至 10 月）被收集。血液来源测试表明，阿比西尼亚疟蚊（74.6%）比法罗疟蚊（62.3%）更常以人类为食。在水库村庄发现了感染恶性疟原虫的阿比西尼亚疟蚊（0.97-1.32%）和法罗疟蚊（0.47-0.70%）。在对照村庄没有发现感染恶性疟原虫的疟蚊。
科卡水库增加了大量适合疟蚊繁殖的场所。这可能是水库村庄疟蚊数量增加和疟疾病例增加的原因。应该考虑在当前的疟疾控制策略中补充减少源头干预措施，以减少水库附近的疟疾。
