School of Nursing, Boise State University, Idaho, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 2013 Mar;69(3):708-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06119.x. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
To report the development and psychometric testing of the Supportive Needs of Adolescents Breastfeeding Scale.
Nurses worldwide can influence adolescent mothers' decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding through understanding their social support needs in the early postpartum. Review of the literature reveals a lack of instruments that measure adolescents' perceptions of supportive nursing behaviours when initiating breastfeeding.
An instrument development and psychometric evaluation study was conducted. In phase 1, scale items were developed from the literature using social support theory. Eight lactation consultants evaluated the scale's content validity in phase 2. During phase 3, the psychometric properties of the scale were tested using item analysis, scale reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. A convenience sample of 101 adolescents, aged 15-20 years old, was recruited during their postpartum stay at three hospitals in the USA between July 2009-July 2010.
Content validity index was 0·82. Alpha estimate of internal consistency was 0·83. Principal components analysis resulted in a 3 factor scale that explained 48% of the total variance: Practical support, Informational support and Miscellaneous.
The findings suggest evidence of the scale's adequate internal consistency. The factor analysis suggests two clear underlying dimensions of support: instrumental/emotional/appraisal and informational/emotional/appraisal, and a third miscellaneous dimension related to immediate skin-to-skin care and mothers' support persons. Further exploration of the possible global implications of the scale's dimensions is needed.
报告青少年母乳喂养支持需求量表的编制及心理测量学特性测试。
全世界的护士可以通过了解青少年母亲在产后早期的社会支持需求，影响其开始和持续母乳喂养的决定。文献回顾表明，缺乏衡量青少年在开始母乳喂养时对支持性护理行为感知的工具。
进行了一项工具开发和心理测量评估研究。在第 1 阶段，根据社会支持理论从文献中提取量表条目。在第 2 阶段，有 8 名哺乳顾问评估了量表的内容效度。在第 3 阶段，采用项目分析、量表信度和探索性因子分析测试了量表的心理测量特性。2009 年 7 月至 2010 年 7 月期间，在美国的 3 家医院招募了 101 名 15-20 岁的青少年，作为便利样本，在其产后住院期间进行了研究。
内容效度指数为 0·82。内部一致性的 α 估计值为 0·83。主成分分析得出一个 3 因子量表，可解释总方差的 48%：实际支持、信息支持和杂项支持。
研究结果表明，该量表具有足够的内部一致性的证据。因子分析表明支持有两个明确的潜在维度：工具/情感/评估和信息/情感/评估，以及与立即皮肤接触护理和母亲支持人员有关的第三个杂项维度。需要进一步探索量表维度可能存在的全球意义。
