L-3 Communications/JAYCOR, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Nov;73(5):1121-9. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31825c1536.
This article presents a model-based method for predicting primary blast injury. On the basis of the normalized work injury mechanism from previous work, this method presents a new model that accounts for the effects of blast orientation and species difference.
The analysis used test data from a series of extensive experimental studies sponsored by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. In these studies, more than 1200 sheep were exposed to air blast in free-field and confined enclosures, and lung injuries were quantified as the percentage of surface area contused. Blast overpressure data were collected using blast test devices placed at matching locations to represent loadings to the thorax. Adopting the modified Lobdell model with further modifications specifically for blast and scaling, the thorax deformation histories for the left, chest, and right sides of the thorax were calculated for all sheep subjects. Using the calculated thorax velocities, effective normalized work was computed for each test subject representing the irreversible work performed on the lung tissues normalized by lung volume and ambient pressure.
Dose-response curves for four categories of injuries (trace, slight, moderate, and severe) were developed by performing log-logistic correlations of the computed normalized work with the injury outcomes, including the effect of multiple shots. A blast lethality correlation was also established.
Validated by sheep data, the present work revalidates the previous understanding and findings of the blast lung injury mechanism and provides an anthropomorphic model for primary blast injury prediction that can be used for occupational and survivability analysis.
Economic and decision analysis, level III.
本文提出了一种基于模型的原发性爆炸伤预测方法。该方法在以往工作中标准化的工伤机制的基础上，提出了一种新的模型，该模型考虑了爆炸方向和物种差异的影响。
该分析使用了美国陆军医疗研究与物资司令部赞助的一系列广泛实验研究的测试数据。在这些研究中，超过 1200 只绵羊在自由场和封闭围场中暴露于空气爆炸中，并将肺损伤量化为挫伤表面积的百分比。使用放置在匹配位置的爆炸测试设备收集爆炸超压数据，以代表对胸部的加载。采用经过修正的 Lobdell 模型，并进行了特定的爆炸和缩放修正，计算了所有绵羊实验对象左侧、胸部和右侧的胸部变形历史。利用计算出的胸部速度，为每个测试对象计算了有效归一化功，该功表示对肺组织的不可逆功，归一化为肺体积和环境压力。
通过对计算出的归一化功与损伤结果（包括多次射击的影响）进行对数逻辑相关，为四类损伤（痕量、轻微、中度和严重）开发了剂量反应曲线。还建立了爆炸致死相关性。
本文通过绵羊数据进行了验证，再次验证了先前对爆炸性肺损伤机制的理解和发现，并提供了一种用于原发性爆炸伤预测的拟人模型，可用于职业和生存能力分析。
经济和决策分析，三级。
