Du Jinpeng, Li Zhao, Kong Yi, Song Wei, Chen Zhongming, Zhang Mengde, Huang Yuyan, Zhang Chao, Guo Xu, Hou Linhao, Tan Yaxin, Liang Liting, Wang Yuzhen, Feng Yu, Liu Qinghua, Li Jianjun, Zhu Dongzhen, Fu Xiaobing, Huang Sha
Research Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, China.
School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
J Mol Histol. 2025 Mar 13;56(2):105. doi: 10.1007/s10735-025-10379-6.
In maritime operations, individuals often face the threat of combined injury caused by airblast overpressure and seawater immersion. Airblast overpressure, induced by explosions, leads to significant internal damage despite the absence of visible open wounds. Seawater immersion exacerbates injuries due to its high osmolarity, microbial content, and thermal conductivity. Given the critical role of the skin as the body's largest organ, understanding its specific injuries in this scenario is imperative but currently underexplored. To bridge this gap, the study developed a novel rat skin combined injury model (RSCIM) in which rats were exposed to calibrated airblast overpressure followed by immediate seawater immersion. Physical simulations, histopathological examinations, and immunological assessments were used to confirm the model's accuracy. Specifically, finite element analysis reveals that the epidermal layer could effectively disperse and resist the immediate effects of overpressure. Histologically, the epidermal layer after combined injury maintained a continuous and complete structure. The collagen fibers of dermis were dispersed and broken. There were scattered capillaries, red blood cells and no skin appendages within the adipose layer. The muscle layer was manifested by deformation and breakage of muscle fibers. The fluorescence intensity of iNOS tended to decrease as the distance from the explosion source increased, which demonstrated significant inflammatory effects in the skin with combined injury. Furthermore, the transcriptome sequencing data revealed major physiological changes caused by combined injury, including inflammatory response, ion transport, biomechanical response, apoptosis, etc. Notably, S100A9 serves as a critical marker for combined injuries in RSCIM, but its expression characteristics and localization during tissue injury still need to be further explored. The model provides a robust foundation for exploring the combined injury mechanisms of airblast overpressure and seawater immersion and developing targeted therapeutic approaches.
在海上行动中，人员常常面临由空气冲击波超压和海水浸泡造成的复合伤威胁。爆炸引发的空气冲击波超压会导致严重的内部损伤，即便没有可见的开放性伤口。海水浸泡因其高渗透压、微生物含量和热传导性会加重损伤。鉴于皮肤作为人体最大器官的关键作用，了解其在这种情况下的特定损伤至关重要，但目前尚未得到充分研究。为填补这一空白，该研究建立了一种新型大鼠皮肤复合伤模型（RSCIM），其中大鼠先暴露于校准后的空气冲击波超压，随后立即进行海水浸泡。通过物理模拟、组织病理学检查和免疫学评估来确认该模型的准确性。具体而言，有限元分析表明表皮层能够有效分散和抵抗超压的即时影响。组织学上，复合伤后的表皮层保持连续完整的结构。真皮层的胶原纤维分散且断裂。脂肪层内有散在的毛细血管、红细胞且无皮肤附属器。肌肉层表现为肌纤维变形和断裂。诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的荧光强度随着与爆炸源距离的增加而趋于降低，这表明复合伤皮肤存在显著的炎症效应。此外，转录组测序数据揭示了复合伤引起的主要生理变化，包括炎症反应、离子转运、生物力学反应、细胞凋亡等。值得注意的是，S100A9是RSCIM中复合伤的关键标志物，但其在组织损伤过程中的表达特征和定位仍有待进一步探索。该模型为探究空气冲击波超压和海水浸泡的复合伤机制以及开发针对性治疗方法提供了坚实基础。
