Mantovani Cristina, Terenghi Giorgio, Shawcross Susan G
Blond McIndoe Laboratories, School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;916:47-57. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-980-8_5.
Peripheral nerve injuries are an economic burden for society in general and despite advanced microsurgical reconstruction of the damaged nerves the functional result is unsatisfactory with poor sensory recovery and reduced motor functions (Wiberg and Terenghi, Surg Technol Int 11:303-310, 2003). In the treatment of nerve injuries transplantation of a nerve graft is often necessary, especially in nerve gap injuries.Schwann cells (SC) are the key facilitators of peripheral nerve regeneration and are responsible for the formation and maintenance of the myelin sheath around axons in peripheral nerve fibers. They are essential for nerve regeneration after nerve injuries as they produce extracellular matrix molecules, integrins, and trophic factors providing guidance and trophic support for regenerating axons (Wiberg and Terenghi, Surg Technol Int 11:303-310, 2003; Bunge, J Neurol 242:S19-21, 1994; Ide, Neurosci Res 25:101-121, 1996; Mahanthappa et al. J Neurosci 16:4673-4683, 1996). However, the use of ex vivo cultured SC within conduits is limited in its clinical application because of the concomitant donor site morbidity and the slow growth of these cells in vitro (Tohill et al. Tissue Eng 10:1359-1367, 2004).Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC or bone marrow stromal cells) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) are easily accessible non-hematopoietic stem cells that have proven essential for research purposes due to their plasticity and ability to differentiate into several functional cell types. This alternative source of cells is relatively simple to isolate and expand in culture. We have demonstrated that MSC and ASC can trans-differentiate along a SC lineage with functional properties and growth factor synthesis activities similar to those of native SC and could provide nerve fiber support and guidance during nerve regeneration.
周围神经损伤总体上给社会带来了经济负担，尽管对受损神经进行了先进的显微外科重建，但功能恢复结果仍不尽人意，感觉恢复差且运动功能减退（Wiberg和Terenghi，《外科技术国际》11:303 - 310，2003年）。在神经损伤的治疗中，神经移植常常是必要的，尤其是在神经缺损损伤中。雪旺细胞（SC）是周围神经再生的关键促进因子，负责周围神经纤维中轴突周围髓鞘的形成和维持。它们对神经损伤后的神经再生至关重要，因为它们能产生细胞外基质分子、整合素和营养因子，为再生轴突提供导向和营养支持（Wiberg和Terenghi，《外科技术国际》11:303 - 310，2003年；Bunge，《神经病学杂志》242:S19 - 21，1994年；Ide，《神经科学研究》25:101 - 121，1996年；Mahanthappa等人，《神经科学杂志》16:4673 - 4683，1996年）。然而，由于供体部位的并发症以及这些细胞在体外生长缓慢，在导管内使用体外培养的雪旺细胞在临床应用中受到限制（Tohill等人，《组织工程》10:1359 - 1367，2004年）。间充质干细胞（MSC或骨髓基质细胞）和脂肪来源干细胞（ASC）是易于获取的非造血干细胞，由于其可塑性和分化为多种功能细胞类型的能力，已被证明对研究目的至关重要。这种替代细胞来源相对容易分离并在培养中扩增。我们已经证明，MSC和ASC可以沿着雪旺细胞谱系转分化，具有与天然雪旺细胞相似的功能特性和生长因子合成活性，并且可以在神经再生过程中提供神经纤维支持和导向。
