Guillemin M P, Hillier R S, Bernhard C A
Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ann Occup Hyg. 1990 Dec;34(6):591-607. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/34.6.591.
Use of methyl bromide for pest control fumigation may result in adverse exposure to three populations: the actual fumigators; other workers not actually involved in the fumigation; and the general public in the vicinity. The risk of exposure of these three target populations in Switzerland was investigated. The methodology was a combination of occupational hygiene surveys, including a preliminary hazard analysis, with a comprehensive assessment of the safety and health systems in use based on the 'Management Oversight and Risk Tree' (MORT) method [Knox and Eicher, MORT User's Manual, Revision 2. DOE 76-45/4 (1983)]. The target populations most concerned depend on the type of fumigation. Fumigators risk severe accidental exposure although they usually wear personal protection devices. In soil and chamber fumigation, workers not involved in the fumigation may undergo high exposure (75-100 pm for 1 h), far greater than the usual time-weighted average and short-term occupational exposure limits (5-20 ppm range). Occupants of premises adjoining the fumigated buildings may also be exposed to significant concentrations (25-50 ppm for 0.1-2 h). Problems originate mainly from a lack of management controls, failure to apply an appropriate code of practice and the use of personnel who are not properly qualified and trained.
实际熏蒸人员；未实际参与熏蒸的其他工人；以及附近的普通公众。对瑞士这三类目标人群的暴露风险进行了调查。方法是将职业卫生调查（包括初步危害分析）与基于“管理监督与风险树”（MORT）方法[诺克斯和艾歇尔，《MORT用户手册》，第2版。美国能源部76 - 45/4（1983年）]对所使用的安全与健康系统进行的全面评估相结合。最受关注的目标人群取决于熏蒸的类型。尽管熏蒸人员通常佩戴个人防护设备，但他们仍有遭受严重意外暴露的风险。在土壤和舱室熏蒸中，未参与熏蒸的工人可能会受到高暴露（1小时内75 - 100 ppm），远高于通常的时间加权平均和短期职业暴露限值（5 - 20 ppm范围）。毗邻熏蒸建筑物的场所内的居住者也可能暴露于显著浓度（0.1 - 2小时内25 - 50 ppm）。问题主要源于缺乏管理控制、未应用适当的操作规范以及使用未经过适当资质和培训的人员。
