Gidlöf-Gunnarsson Anita, Ögren Mikael, Jerson Tomas, Öhrström Evy
The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Box 414, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Noise Health. 2012 Jul-Aug;14(59):190-201. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.99895.
Internationally accepted exposure-response relationships show that railway noise causes less annoyance than road traffic and aircraft noise. Railway transport, both passenger and freight transport, is increasing, and new railway lines are planned for environmental reasons. The combination of more frequent railway traffic and faster and heavier trains will, most probably, lead to more disturbances from railway traffic in the near future. To effectively plan for mitigations against noise and vibration from railway traffic, new studies are needed to obtain a better basis of knowledge. The main objectives of the present study was to investigate how the relationship between noise levels from railway traffic and general annoyance is influenced by (i) number of trains, (ii) the presence of ground borne vibrations, and (iii) building situational factors, such as orientation of balcony/patio and bedroom window. Socio-acoustic field studies were executed in residential areas; (1) with relatively intense railway traffic; (2) with strong vibrations, and; (3) with the most intense railway traffic in the country. Data was obtained for 1695 respondents exposed to sound levels ranging from L(Aeq,24h) 45 to 65 dB. Both number of trains and presence of ground-borne vibrations, and not just the noise level per se, are of relevance for how annoying railway noise is perceived. The results imply that, for the proportion annoyed to be equal, a 5 - 7 dB lower noise level is needed in areas where the railway traffic causes strong ground-borne vibrations and in areas with a very large number of trains. General noise annoyance was twice as high among residents in dwellings with balcony / patio oriented towards the railway and about 1.5 times higher among residents with bedroom windows facing the railway.
国际公认的暴露-反应关系表明，铁路噪声比道路交通和飞机噪声引起的烦恼更少。铁路运输，包括客运和货运，都在增加，并且出于环境原因规划了新的铁路线。铁路交通更加频繁以及列车更快、更重，很可能会在不久的将来导致更多来自铁路交通的干扰。为了有效地规划减轻铁路交通噪声和振动的措施，需要开展新的研究以获得更好的知识基础。本研究的主要目的是调查铁路交通噪声水平与总体烦恼之间的关系如何受到以下因素的影响：(i) 列车数量；(ii) 地面振动的存在；(iii) 建筑情境因素，如阳台/露台和卧室窗户的朝向。在居民区进行了社会声学现场研究；(1) 铁路交通相对密集；(2) 有强烈振动；(3) 铁路交通是该国最密集的。获得了1695名暴露于L(Aeq,24h) 45至65分贝声级范围内的受访者的数据。列车数量和地面振动的存在，而不仅仅是噪声水平本身，对于人们感知到的铁路噪声有多烦人都具有相关性。结果表明，为了使烦恼的比例相等，在铁路交通引起强烈地面振动的地区和列车数量非常多的地区，需要低5 - 7分贝的噪声水平。阳台/露台朝向铁路的住宅居民的一般噪声烦恼是其两倍左右，卧室窗户朝向铁路的居民的一般噪声烦恼则高出约1.5倍。
