Levi Mattan, Ninio-Mani Lihi, Shalgi Ruth
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2012;55:93-106. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-30406-4_5.
Meiosis of the mammalian oocytes is a specialized cell division, initiated during the female's embryonic life. It arrests at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage and resumes with GV breakdown, followed by segregation of the chromosomes and extrusion of the first polar body in an asymmetric cell division that concludes the first meiotic division, before arresting at metaphase of the second meiotic division (MII). Once fertilized, the oocyte exits from MII, extrudes the second polar body, and the developing zygote will continue dividing to create a blastocyst. Although the two processes of meiosis and mitosis have different developmental functions, it is believed that they share similar mechanisms. Src family kinases (SFKs) are nine non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases that regulate many key cellular functions including meiotic and mitotic cell cycles. In this review we discuss the involvement of SFKs in meiotic and mitotic cell cycle key processes as nuclear envelope breakdown, spindle stabilization, karyokinetic exit from metaphase, regulation of cortical actin, and cytokinetic cleavage furrow ingression.
哺乳动物卵母细胞的减数分裂是一种特殊的细胞分裂，始于雌性胚胎期。它停滞在生发泡（GV）期，随着GV破裂而恢复，随后染色体分离并在不对称细胞分裂中挤出第一极体，从而结束第一次减数分裂，之后停滞在第二次减数分裂中期（MII）。一旦受精，卵母细胞从MII期退出，挤出第二极体，发育中的受精卵将继续分裂形成囊胚。尽管减数分裂和有丝分裂这两个过程具有不同的发育功能，但人们认为它们具有相似的机制。Src家族激酶（SFKs）是九种非受体蛋白酪氨酸激酶，可调节许多关键的细胞功能，包括减数分裂和有丝分裂细胞周期。在本综述中，我们讨论了SFKs在减数分裂和有丝分裂细胞周期关键过程中的作用，如核膜破裂、纺锤体稳定、从中期的核运动退出、皮质肌动蛋白的调节以及胞质分裂沟的侵入。
