Więdłocha Magdalena, Stańczykiewicz Bartłomiej, Jakubik Marta, Rymaszewska Joanna
Projekt POIG pn. Innowacyjne technologie produkcji biopreparatów na bazie nowej generacji jaj (OVOCURA).
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2012 Jun 22;66:415-30. doi: 10.5604/17322693.1001098.
The research conducted on animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has provided valuable information about the pathogenesis of this disease and associated behavioral and cognitive deficits as well as the disease-associated anatomical and histopathological lesions of the brain. Transgenic technologies have enabled the creation of animal models based on mutations in APP, MAPT, presenilin genes, tau protein and apoE. Due to economic reasons studies are mainly conducted on mice. Their brain tissue, depending on the mutation, is characterized by histopathological changes, such as the presence of amyloid plaques, tau protein deposits and dystrophic neurites, gliosis, hippocampal atrophy and amyloid accumulation in vessels. Animal cognitive impairment and behavior, which can be demonstrated in behavioral tests, primarily relate to the working and reference memory, alternation and anxiety. Unfortunately, despite the various modifications specific to AD in the genome of animals, scientists have failed to create an animal model characterized by all the pathological changes that can occur in Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the role of transgenic animals is undeniable, both in research on AD neuropathology and for testing new therapies, such as immunotherapy. Despite the occurrence of abundant Alzheimer's disease mice models this article is dedicated to selected models with mutations in the APP, MAPT and presenilin genes and their application for behavioral studies.
对阿尔茨海默病（AD）动物模型的研究为该疾病的发病机制、相关行为和认知缺陷以及与疾病相关的大脑解剖和组织病理学病变提供了有价值的信息。转基因技术使得基于APP、MAPT、早老素基因、tau蛋白和载脂蛋白E的突变创建动物模型成为可能。由于经济原因，研究主要在小鼠身上进行。根据突变情况，它们的脑组织具有组织病理学变化特征，如淀粉样斑块、tau蛋白沉积和营养不良性神经突的存在、胶质增生、海马萎缩以及血管中的淀粉样蛋白积累。动物的认知障碍和行为（可在行为测试中表现出来）主要与工作记忆、参考记忆、交替和焦虑有关。不幸的是，尽管动物基因组中有各种特定于AD的修饰，但科学家们仍未能创建出一种具有阿尔茨海默病可能出现的所有病理变化特征的动物模型。然而，转基因动物在AD神经病理学研究和测试新疗法（如免疫疗法）方面的作用是不可否认的。尽管有大量的阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型，但本文致力于研究APP、MAPT和早老素基因突变的选定模型及其在行为研究中的应用。
