Lau Jennifer Y F
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2013;14:15-27. doi: 10.1007/7854_2012_214.
Rates of depression double in the transition to adolescence. Symptoms of depression in adolescence also predict adult mood disorders. From a preventative perspective, research into the risk factors for adolescent depression is critical. Simultaneously, there is also growing interest in understanding why adolescence reflects a particularly critical period for the onset of early mood symptoms. Here, we review (a) the role of social, genetic, neural and cognitive factors in explaining individual differences in the propensity to develop symptoms in adolescence, and (b) whether changes in these factors may explain why adolescence is a particularly sensitive period for the onset of depressive symptoms. Finally, we speculate on whether novel social stressors interact with 'genetic innovation' to produce changes in brain circuitry structure and function and associated changes in emotion regulation abilities and social understanding-to increase emergence of symptoms in adolescence.
在向青春期过渡期间，抑郁症发病率会翻倍。青少年期的抑郁症状还预示着成年后的情绪障碍。从预防的角度来看，对青少年抑郁症风险因素的研究至关重要。与此同时，人们也越来越有兴趣去理解为何青春期是早期情绪症状发作的一个特别关键时期。在此，我们回顾：(a) 社会、遗传、神经和认知因素在解释青少年出现症状倾向的个体差异方面所起的作用，以及 (b) 这些因素的变化是否可以解释为何青春期是抑郁症状发作的一个特别敏感时期。最后，我们推测新型社会压力源是否会与“基因创新”相互作用，从而导致大脑回路结构和功能发生变化以及情绪调节能力和社会理解能力出现相关变化，进而增加青少年症状的出现。
