Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Roma, Italy.
J Pers. 2013 Jun;81(3):302-12. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12001. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
The present longitudinal study examined the development of self-reported prosociality (i.e., the tendency to enact prosocial behaviors) from adolescence to early adulthood and its prediction from teacher-reported effortful control (i.e., dispositional regulation) at age 13.
Participants were 573 (276 girls) Italian adolescents aged approximately 13 (M = 12.98, SD = 0.80) at the first assessment and 21 (M = 21.23, SD = 0.67) at the last assessment. The study used three different cohorts recruited across ten years (from 1994 to 2004) from a larger longitudinal project with a multiple-cohort design.
Latent growth curve modeling indicated that the overall level of prosociality declined until approximately age 17 with a subsequent slight rebound until age 21. Significant inter-individual variability in developmental trends of prosociality in males and females was observed. Youths' effortful control was related to a lesser decline of prosociality in adolescence.
Being able to regulate one's own emotions and behaviors in early adolescence may not only affect the tendency to behave prosocially, but also counter the self-centered tendencies observed across this phase of development.
本纵向研究考察了青少年期至成年早期自我报告的亲社会行为倾向（即实施亲社会行为的倾向）的发展情况，以及 13 岁时教师报告的努力控制（即特质调节）对其的预测作用。
参与者为 573 名（276 名女孩）意大利青少年，他们在第一次评估时的年龄约为 13 岁（M=12.98，SD=0.80），在最后一次评估时的年龄为 21 岁（M=21.23，SD=0.67）。本研究使用了从一个具有多队列设计的更大的纵向项目中，在十年间（1994 年至 2004 年）招募的三个不同队列。
潜在增长曲线模型表明，亲社会行为的总体水平在大约 17 岁之前下降，随后在 21 岁之前略有反弹。在男性和女性中，亲社会行为发展趋势的个体间存在显著差异。青少年的努力控制与亲社会行为在青春期的下降幅度较小有关。
在青少年早期能够调节自己的情绪和行为，不仅可能影响行为亲社会的倾向，还可能抵消在这个发展阶段观察到的自我中心倾向。
