Wound Care Center, Wound Care, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Feb;19(2):107-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.04001.x. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
The model of biofilm infection was first proposed over a decade ago. Recent scientific advances have added much to our understanding of biofilms, usually polymicrobial communities, which are commonly associated with chronic infection. Metagenomics has demonstrated that bacteria pursuing a biofilm strategy possess many mechanisms for encouraging diversity. By including multiple bacterial and/or fungal species in a single community, biofilms obtain numerous advantages, such as passive resistance, metabolic cooperation, byproduct influence, quorum sensing systems, an enlarged gene pool with more efficient DNA sharing, and many other synergies, which give them a competitive advantage. Routine clinical cultures are ill-suited for evaluating polymicrobial infections. DNA methods utilizing PCR methods, PCR/mass spectroscopy and sequencing have demonstrated their ability to identify microorganisms and quantitate their contribution to biofilms in clinical infections. A more robust model of biofilm infection along with more accurate diagnosis is rapidly translating into improved clinical outcomes.
生物膜感染模型早在十多年前就被首次提出。最近的科学进展极大地增进了我们对生物膜的理解，生物膜通常是由多种微生物组成的群落，与慢性感染密切相关。宏基因组学表明，采取生物膜策略的细菌拥有许多促进多样性的机制。通过在单个群落中包含多种细菌和/或真菌物种，生物膜获得了许多优势，例如被动抗性、代谢合作、副产物影响、群体感应系统、具有更高效 DNA 共享的更大基因库，以及许多其他协同作用，从而使它们具有竞争优势。常规的临床培养不适用于评估多微生物感染。利用聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 方法、PCR/质谱和测序的 DNA 方法已经证明了它们能够识别微生物并定量其对临床感染中生物膜的贡献。更强大的生物膜感染模型以及更准确的诊断正在迅速转化为改善的临床结果。
